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William Woodcock

age 6

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The Improved Walker Tool Grinder.

A JOURNAL FOR MACHINISTS,'BLACKSMITHS,
VOL. 10, No: 2 WEEKLIES. NEW YORK, May 21, 1896.
5 82.50 per Annum. SINGLE COPIES, a CENTS.
COPYRIGHT 1896, BY AMERICAN MACHINIST PUBLISHING C ANY.

VOLUME 19.

A PRACTICAL JOURNAL OF MACHINE CONSTRUCTION. NEW YORK, THURSDAY, MAY 21, 1896.

The Improved Walker Tool Grinder.

In our issue of October 12, 1893, we published, as part of our account of the machinery exhibited at Chicago, engrav-ings and description of the above-men-tioned machine, since which time its original designer, Mr. 0. S. Walker, has gone on improving it; and the improve-ments he has made though they do not materially alter the general appearance of the machine, are yet important, and, we think, of sufficient merit to justify us in taking space for their illustration. The improvements are as follows: A supplementary support to the swinging table (see Fig. I of the detail cuts), largely increasing the rigidity of the machine. The supporting collar B (resting upon this support) is provided with a steel pointer, to indicate, by means of index i and 2 on the supplementary support, the position of the sliding carriage as regards the emery wheel. The sliding carriage, while pre-serving the same general design, has been materially increased in weight, has an in-creased capacity of 3 inches in length, and a convenient rack and pinion feed has been added; and there is now obtained a direct hand feed, rack feed and screw feed, with quick changes from one to either of the others. The cross feed (operated by screw) is now arranged to be moved by thousandths of an inch, by means of the graduated hand wheel M and adjustable pointer N. The cross-feed screw is oiled through the oil cup P, at its center. As it has been the aim of the manufac-turers to build a machine that should be strictly universal in its range, and -to meet a demand for surface grinding under the emery wheel, also for formed cutter grind-ing, an increased vertical adjustment of 5 inches has been provided. Fig. I is a part vertical section through the machine, and Fig. 2 is a part horizontal section through the binding and elevating devices. It will be seen that the supplementary support for the table is a part of the column top E, and also that a hub or collar El is formed around the center of the same, at the top. The supporting collar B is clamped to this hub by means of the ball-handle screw L. The supporting collar B is in turn formed with a hub at the top, telescoping into the lower end of the hub of the main table A, and a dowel C is provided, allowing a yertical movement of the table by means of the feed screw D, but preventing lateral

movement except in unison with the col-lar B. A hub Al, on the main table A telescopes into the bottom of the grinder head R, which is rigidly fastened to the adjustable post a, at its upper end. Table A, collar B and column top E are each centrally bored for the insertion of the adjustable post G, said post having rack teeth on one side of its lower extremity

- _ Expanding and Binding Screw

NUMBER 21.
side, operated by the gripping screw I, and upon the opposite side with a bearing for the elevating pinion H, made solid with its shaft and operated by the external hand wheel S. To adjust the post G, the binding screw I of the column and the binding screw K of the main table are loosened; the binding screw L remaining tightened, to hold the table and carriage Changeable Collet Oil Hole 1 Vertical Feed Supplementary Support Index 2 Index 1 Drip Cup Fig. 1 VERTICAL SECTION OF GRINDER.
and being splined to the column top E, with stops to limit its vertical travel in each direction. The lower end of the post G enters a drip cup inside of the column, and forms a conduit for all the waste oil from the spindle boxes. The column top E is provided at its under side with a long hub split on one

Fig. 2 SECTION THROUGH CLAMPING DEVICE.
rigid with the column top. After adjust-ing post G, the same screws are tightened. and the whole device is again rigid. To insure the freeing of the clamping device from the post G, a simple device in the form of a right and left-threaded bushing J and J-1, Fig. 2, is employed. It will be seen that these binding screws

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are each provided with two threaded portions of different diameters, the smaller size on each being right-handed and the larger left-handed. The inside of the bushings is tapped to fit the left-handed thread; while the outside of the bushings is cut right-handed, of the same pitch as the smaller diameter threads at the end of the binding screws, to enable the same to be screwed into place. The operation of the device is obvious, and it will be noticed that when slacked the binder is positively forced open. To provide for the slackening of the spindle belt when the grinder head is elevated, an automatically adjusted belt tightener is arranged on the regular five-speed countershaft which accompanies the machine. The countershaft and tightener are shown in Fig. 3, and further de-tails of tightener are illustrated in Figs. 4, 5 and 6. A weight Q, by force of graity, maintains the proper tension of the driving belt at all times. A notable feature of the belt tightener lies in the construction of the pulley T, which is rigidly mounted on a shaft U, the shaft having a bearing in a hub on the tightener arm. This pulley is so constructed that the belt pull is over the center of the shaft bearing. The shaft is oiled at the center, and the whole arrangement goes far to overcome the objectionable features of the ordinary loose pulleys. The drip cup W is hung ill a groove on the tightener hub, and will maintain its contents inside the cup no matter what the angle of the arm may be. The machine is manufactured by the Northern Emery Wheel Co., Worcester, Mass. AMERICAN MACHINIST May 21, 1896. THE IMPROVED WALKER TOOL GRINDER. A Commercial Tour of South America. The managers of the National Associa-tion of Manufacturers of the United States are organizing a commercial tour of South America. It is the intention to have representa- tive men ,connected with the various branches of manufacturing to form the No Drilled Hole Fig. 3 COUNTERSHAFT WITH TIGHTENERS. Fig. 5 Fig, 6 BELT TIGHTENER AND DRIP CUP. party, and it is intended to sail from New York July 1st by the "St. Paul," for Southampton, from which a steamer will be taken for Rio Janeiro, thus giving the manufacturers a vivid illustration of the fact that, in order to reach Rio Janeiro from New York, one must sail about five times the distance that would be required if we had a direct line of steamers. Official assurances have been received that the members of the party will be cordially received in the various Smith American countries which it is proposed to visit, and it is expected that about three months' time will be required for the trip. A By making a speed of 16.2079 knots on her trial trip, the new battle-ship "Massa-chusetts" earned for the Cramps, her builders, a premium of $100,000, and for herself, it is claimed, the proud distinc-tion of being the fastest vessel of her class in the world. Foreign vessels have made higher speeds for a single measured mile, but it is not believed that they could steam for four hours at the same speed. The Massachusetts Institute of Tech-nology sends us a pamphlet announcing summer courses of study which are to be followed at the Institute this season. These include courses in mathematics, chemistry, physics, languages, mechan-ism, shop work, etc.

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pg 3 AMERICAN MACHINIST 1896

-pg 40 May 21, 1896. -40 May 21, 1896. . London. W. H. Boo'. .

AMERICAN-MACHINIST-1887-page 5 January-22-Vol-10-No 4

AMERICAN-MACHINIST-1887-page 5 January-22

A SPECIAL REED LATHE.

  May 21, 1896. AMERICAN MACHINIST, page 4

A Special " Reed " Lathe.
A representative of this paper who hap-pened to be in Worcester, Mass., a short time ago, noticed in the shops of F. E. Reed Co. a lathe which is shown by the accompanying reproduction of a pho-tograph. It is one of several similar lathes which were built for the. Brown & Sharpe Mfg. Co., for use in cutter-making and for other purposes where consider-able stock is to be removed; and, as will be noticed, has several special features. In fact, the lathe has rather more special features about it than Mr. Reed seems to care for in his product, and he was at first indisposed to have anything said about it to readers of the "American Machinist." There is no provision for cutting screws, but the feed rod is driven by The clutch shown at the left extremity of the feed rod is released by the carriage at the point determined by setting the sleeve shown upon the feed rod, and thus automatically stops the feed. The lathe is i6-inch swing, a 6-foot bed, and has extra strength and driving power.

Coiled Springs. BY E. T. ADAMS.
Few people realize how extensively springs of this type are used. A promi-nent manufacturer, who makes a practice of keeping one sample spring of each size or form manufactured by him, has an active list of not far from 3,000. This has no reference to what he may have made in the past; it means simply that he is mak-

A SPECIAL REED LATHE.
gears; and the intermediate is so arranged that, by changing it from one pair of gears to another, four changes of feed are ob-tained besides one change which is intro-duced between the short shaft in front and the feed rod, by which four other changes are obtained by simply slipping a gear. The carriage is provided with two ele-vating tool holders as shown, each having its own cross-feed screw, the two screws being geared together in front as shown, but with one of the gears arranged to slip off so that the screws can then be operated independently, the cross-feed handle fit-ting either of them. Arranged thus, the tools can be separately adjusted, and then by putting the gear in place they move together. The rear tool can be moved a short distance upon the carriage, par-allel with the carriage feed, for adjust-ment, and both rests will hold two tools if desired. ing now, in round numbers, 3,000 different coiled springs. Many of these are very probably of peculiar form or made from small diameters of wire; but a consider-able number of them, say one-fourth, could be of wire varying in diameter from to 1 i/8 inches wound on sizes of man-drels within the limits of common prac-tice. For this range of sizes of springs that are coiled on a cylindrical mandrel there should be a table or chart giving the strength and deflection at the elastic limit for each size. From such a table a spring could quickly be selected for any service, a simple proportion giving the strength and deflection with any required factor of safety, or from a chart similar to that shown in Fig. 1 the same thing could be secured without any computa-tion whatever. It is frequently stated that it is not pos-sible to make a table of this sort that will have any real practical value. It is said

May 21, 1896.
that no table or formula can take into ac count the difference in quality of the steel used, or the effect of the various modes of treatment and tempering. If any part of the wire is slightly overheated in coil-ing, the diameter of the wire will be re-duced at that point. Often the mandrel is made tapering to facilitate removing the spring, and thus we see that every pro-cess, every element that influences the strength or elasticity of the spring is vari-able. For these reasons and others of like nature it is argued that formulas are of small value and accurate tables are im-possible. Admitting the force of these arguments, it is also true that when one firm makes 3,000 different sizes of coiled springs, and when there are certainly half a dozen firms doing an equally large business, these variables will be, to a very great extent, fixed by certain practical considerations which will affect all manufacturers about alike. The quality of the steel and the processes of manufacture must allow the springs to be turned out in great quan-tities and at minimum cost. The product must be as uniform as possible, and its quality as good as the average buyer will pay for. The buyer does not pay for a per-fect spring, and does not .get one. If he would avoid trouble he must, in his de-signs, allow for reasonable variation in the springs that he gets. Therefore, it is not a question of a table or formula to give the exact size of a single perfect spring, made regardless of cost, but of producing a table that will give with reasonable exactness the average strength and deflection of springs produced under existing conditions. Is such a table possible? The writer believes that it is. In fact, every firm making extensive use of springs has a piece of just such a table covering the sizes most used by them. No such table is generally available. The "American Machinist" published, some years ago, an excellent table prepared by Mr. Julius Begtrup, engineer of the McEwen Mfg. Co. So far as the writer knows, this is the only modern table, and even this is not now generally available, and the occa-sional user of springs must fall back on formulas. Any of the formulas given in reference books will give ac-curate results, if the proper substitutions, are made (please note the magnitude of this "if") ; but the man who resorts to a. chance formula to design springs is not always in a position to make the proper substitutions, and in this respect he is not alone. Two recent authorities give re-spectively 50,000 and ioo,000 as the strength at the elastic limit of a certain size of round steel wire, tempered for springs. When we consider that the weight of steel required, and approxi-mately the cost of the spring, will vary inversely as the square of the strength at the elastic limit, we will readily conclude that "where doctors disagree" someone

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5. AMERICAN-MACHINIST-1896-page 5

5 pic test 6-24
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 May 21, 1896. AMERICAN MACHINIST page 5
May 21, 1896. AMERICAN MACHINIST page 5 A Fixture for Grinding Profile Cutters.


May 21, 1896. AMERICAN MACHINIST
A Fixture for Grinding Profile Cutters.
and the writer believes that this decision should be arrived at by testing a great number—a thousand or more—of springs bought in the open market. The price of each spring should be known, and the averages arrived at from these tests should take into account the price as well as the size. It will be in-teresting to know whether a change in quality affects the price in the same way and to the same extent that such a change affects the weight of steel. For example: With an allowable fiber stress of 6o,000 pounds, a certain spring weighs, say, 3o

cf. 300 200 150 100 50 0 x simply the usual stress-strain diagram, plotted on cross-section paper, and gives the load and corresponding deflection for thirteen different sizes of springs made from 1/4-inch wire; the modulus of elasticity used was, 12,000,000. The curved line x—x shows the load giving a fiber stress of 6o,000 pounds. There should be similar curves for fiber stress of moo() and 8o,000. The chart is incomplete, but is introduced to show how easily springs may be selected by its aid. Those who need an especially fine qual-ity of spring have no interest in the pro-posed table; they must specify far more Diam. of mandrel.

Load applied, poun-deflectilmitifehes 1 60000-ponds. Abcissas Fiber- tress= 0 0.1 Fig. 1 0 2 0.3 Deflection per coil, in inches.

DIAGRAM FOR SPRINGS.
pounds. If we can make the fiber stress with equal safety 75,000, the spring, to do the same work, will weigh, approximately, one-half as much as before, or but 15 pounds. Question: Will the last spring cost twice as much per pound as the first? Some work towards a table of this sort has already been done in the laboratories of Sibley College, and in fact a table for some 300 different sizes has been prepared which, after it has been carefully checked by tests of a greater number of springs, will very likely find its way to the readers of the "American Machinist." Fig. 1 gives a very convenient form of chart for users of coiled springs. It is

0 4_American Machinist0.5
24 234. 2y: than the modulus of elasticity and the fiber stress at the elastic limit to secure the result they seek; but those who buy of the lowest bidder, or for whose pur-pose an average spring is good enough, or those who now and then need a spring and who want to know what they will get if they go into the open market and buy it, all have an interest in the work now going forward. For this class, which the writer believes to be, numerically, by far the greatest class, it is little use to know the effect of carbon or manganese and it is doubtful if they care to know that there is such a thing as the modulus of elasticity. It is
5-515 not with them a question of what is pos-sible, but rather what is expedient, which is exactly what the proposed table should enable them to determine.

A Fixture for Grinding Profile Cutters.
BY A. L. DE LEuuw. There are two ways to grind profile cut-ters so that the teeth keep their shape. The one most used is to form the teeth on a hacking-off lathe and grind them on the face. The other one is to hold the cutter in a fixture which will give the cut-ter a movement so that at every grinding the teeth are formed again. The first method diminishes the thickness of the teeth from front to back, leaving the diameter of the cutter nearly the same; while the second method diminishes the diameter of the cutter, leaving the teeth of the same strength, or, rather, making them stronger by making them shorter. The accompanying engravings show a fixture designed for the last-mentioned

Fig. 1 FORM OF DRILL CUTTER.
operation, and especially for grinding the cutters for making twist drills with a 20-degree spiral; though it also is adapted to grind other profile cutters, provided they have not more than three different curves. Fig. I is the shape of a section of a twist drill cutter for the 20-degree spiral. A 13 is part of a circle with a radius C A = .838 times the diameter of the drill, B C is described with a radius = .375 X d, and the thickness of the cutter equals the first radius. A B is the more important curve, as it produces the cutting edge. This shape of cutter produces a straight lip. It may be of interest to recall here a simple way in which the radius of curve A B may be found for any angle of the spiral. If the lips of the drill make an included i8o°— 12o° angle of 120 degrees, then take 2 and add this to the angle of the spiral, 30° 20° = 5o°, the cotangent of 50° = .838, And this is the radius of A. B for a

6. AMERICAN-MACHINIST-

 AMERICAN MACHINIST May 21, 1896. page 6 AMERICAN MACHINIST

PAGE 6 AMERICAN MACHINIST May 21, 1896.

516-6

I-inch drill. This holds good so long as the sum of the two angles is not far from 45 degrees, i. e., for all practical cases. It will be seen that, in order to grind the shape A. B C, the cutter must revolve around C as center, then around B as cen-ter, until the emery wheel is tangential to B C, and then around D as center. Fig. 2 shows a view of the fixture com-plete and ready to be put on the platen of an emery grinder. The cutter is held on a mandrel A. (Fig. 4) which is graduated and slides in the column B (Fig. 2), to make up for differ-ent thicknesses of the cutters. C (Fig. 2) is a gage against which the teeth are brought up when being ground. The

AMERICAN MACHINIST May 21, 1896.

of the grinder and clamped so that the cutter touches the emery wheel. Sup-pose the cutter is for a Y4-inch drill: Then the lever L is pulled out until the sharp edge 0 (Fig. 3) is on the graduation line marked "Y4." The fixture now is ready to grind this cutter. To do this, first bring the lever into position so that the taper pin P drops into the taper hole Q, Fig. 3. This brings the stud H and the block G at a distance 3/4 X .838 inch from the center of the turn-table. The top plate, therefore, cannot turn around the turn-table, but only around the stud. Now clamp the block in position by means of the knob B (Fig. 2), which turns a small eccentric; move the top plate back

Fig. 3. BASE OF GRINDING FIXTURE.

column B slides on a block D, and can be adjusted by means of a screw with knurled knob, not visible in the engrav-ing. A stop at the rear of the block D makes it possible to grind all teeth to the same height if more than one cut has to be taken. The block D is fastened to the top plate E (Fig. 2). This top plate re-volves around the turn-table F (Fig. 2). This turn-table has a groove at the bot-tom, the entire length of which is filled by the sliding block G (Fig. 3). The top plate, therefore, cannot revolve around the turn-table unless the block is exactly in the center. The block G in its turn re-volves around the stud H (Fig. 3). When the block is in the center of the turn-table the top plate can revolve around the turn-table and also around the stud. To prevent this latter, a tongue I (Fig. 4) can be lowered into a groove of both block and stud, thus locking them together. This is done by means of the handle J (Fig 2), which has a cam-shaped edge, depressing the square block with the tongue I (Fig. 4). The stud H is fastened to a sliding arm K (Fig. 3), which is guided so as to move in a straight line. This arm K is moved by means of the lever L (Fig. 2). The lever can slide over the graduated block M (Fig. 2), to which it may be clamped by the screw N (Fig. 2). When a cutter is to be ground, it is put on the mandrel and adjusted so that the point B (Fig. I) comes exactly above the center of the turn-table. This is done by means of the adjustments in the mandrel and in the block D; a gage, not shown here, making this part of the work easy. The fixture is then placed on the platen block G by means of the handle J, and bring the lever L in the position as shown in the engraving, when the taper pin drops into a third tapered hole. In this position the distance between the center of the stud and the center of the turn-table is .375 x ginch. Now move the top plate back and forth part of a revolution between slots T3 and T4, thus grinding the curve B C. The block 0 is graduated for drills from 1r inch up to i N inches, increasing by inch. The fixture as described does its work very effectively here in the shops of the Warder, Bushnell & Glassner Co., where it was designed and made, though the

Fig. 2. GRINDING FIXTURE COMPLETE.

and forth part of a revolution by means of the handle S (Fig. 2). This handle contains a spring plunger with beveled point, which drops into the beveled slots T T (Fig. 3). The movement necessary to grind curve A B is between slots T1 and T2 (Fig. 3). After all teeth have been ground, unlock B and move the lever L so that the taper pin P drops into the taper hole U. This brings the stud in the center of the turn-table. Now lock the stud H to the block G by means of handle J, and the top plate will then revolve around the turn-table only. Do this by moving the handle S from T2 to T3. In this position the emery wheel is tangential at B to the curve B C. As will be seen from Fig. 4, the top plate has a groove V, which must be in line with the groove in the turn-table to make it possible to pull out the block G by means of the lever L. After the top-plate is turned around the turn-table, these two grooves are not in line. When, however, the spring plunger is in the beveled slot T3, the groove in the turn-table is in line with a second groove TT7 (Fig. 4) in the top plate, thus making it possible to pull out the block G. In order to grind the curve B C, unlock the

Fig. 4. PART OF GRINDING FIXTURE.

construction of many of the de-tails might be improved if an-other one were to be made. Springfield, 0.

A The Anti-Protective Party in Sweden secured a vic-tory that may be of interest to American manufacturers when, by a vote of 186 to 185, the Swedish Riksdag passed an act removing the present duty on pig iron, kentledge and old broken iron. The Second Chamber had, on a separate vote, passed the resolution; but the First Chamber rejected it; so, as is the custom, a joint vote was taken, with the above result.

'A Plugged Safety Valve. An engineer of a tug in New York Har-bor was, a few days ago, summoned to appear before the local Board of Inspec-tors of Steam Vessels. A boiler inspector had gone aboard the tug unannounced and found the safety valve fastened down. As the inspector reported it, "the safety valve on the boiler of the steamer was jammed on its seat by an open-end wrench being driven from the top of the lever to the top of the valve stem under the cap." The engineer said that he had been simply experimenting. He had been a licensed engineer fifteen years. Fifteen minutes would have been too long. Decision was "reserved." What are laws for, any-way? *************************************************************************

. AMERICAN-MACHINIST-1887-page 8-Jan 22

 AMERICAN MACHINIST May 21, 1896. page7 AMERICAN MACHINIST

PAGE-7 AMERICAN MACHINIST May 21, 1896.

May 21, 1896 PG 7. Bicycle Tools—XXV. CONE AND CUP GRINDING

. The case-hardening of the ball cones and cups will be treated under the general division of case-hardening, which will be made full as possible, and will give the latest practice of some of the best shops. From the case-hardening room the cones and cups in some shops go to the polishing room, where they are simply brightened and then passed for assem-bling. It is very difficult to case-harden a thin piece like the ball cup without some distortion, and it would seem almost a necessity that the cones and cups should be carefully ground after case-hardening. Those shops which do not go to the trouble and expense of this careful grind-ing say that (I) the cup and cone are very little changed in form by case-hardening; (2) the cups are restored to shape by being forced into the true hubs; (3) the cone and cup do not need to be absolutely true—they need only be smooth to make as good a bearing for wear and ease of running as can possibly be made; and hence (4), it is a waste of time and money to do more than to simply polish the ball track sur-faces of the cone and cup. As often pre-viously mentioned, it is not within the scope of this record of cycle-tool practice to sit in judgment on means, methods or results. Actual practice is given and con-trasted, in all cases, from sources worthy the highest respect. Different theories obtain a footing in different shops, sus-tained always by examples of successful practice; and time and use, sure touch-stones of merit, alone can determine what is really the correct thing. Those shops which grind the cone and ball cup use a great variety of different grinding machines. Small speed lathes



AMERICAN MACHINIST are often arranged for cup and cone grind-ing machines, by fitting them with cross-slides carrying a grinding wheel spindle which has a lengthwise hand-lever actuated travel and a hand-screw cross-adjust- 7-517

ment, the cups and cones to be ground being secured on the lathe spindle. In the Gormully & Jeffery shops a special machine built by Brown & Sharpe for a sewing-machine needle-bar- L 30 T. F-

Fig. 157. GRINDER FOR BALL BEARINGS. '3 20 T. 32 314"

Fig. 158 LOZIER REAR BARREL HUB.

 AMERICAN-MACHINIST-1887 page 14 pg 14

JANUARY 15, 1897 AMERICAN MACHIN1ST pg 14 524-14 AMERICAN MACHINIST May 21, 1896. pg 14

Letters from Practical Men.
scends the slope to the power house be- with copper, and shot a line of holes low, having a length at 2,380 feet and a through with a rifle from a distance of Standard Size for Technical Journals. total fall of 38o feet to the wheels. about 3o feet, and cut out the intervening Editor American Machinist: The power house is built on a small flat edges, doing the whole job in a very short If all mechanical papers would adopt at the foot of the slope, and is 35 feet wide time. a standard size, as you have done, it would by zoo feet long, in two stories, the lower W. J. SILITER. be a great convenience to the advertisers. story 20 feet and the upper one 12 feet. It Salt Lake City, Utah. Take a large house, for instance, run- is built of brick, with brick and cement A A • ning a quarter-page advertisement in ten floors and roof supported on 20-inch steel papers: It is now necessary to use differ- beams, and is fireproof. The Abuse of Formulae. ent size cuts, and to make up ten different In the power house are four 500-kilo- Editor American Machinist: "ads," to suit the various size papers. If watt, three-phase generators, built by the Mr. Griffin, in his able article under the they were of a standard size, the same General Electric Co. On the same shafts above heading, in your issue of April 23d, size cut and same style "ad" could be used are the Pelton wheels, from the Pelton makes some very interesting and instruc-in all ten papers, which would be an ap- Co., of New York; they run at 300 revolu- tive points—points that are timely and that preciable saving not only of time, but in tions per minute. There are also four can hardly fail to be of advantage to the the cost of cuts, to every advertiser. Edison exciters, each run by its own young engineer, who is, naturally enough, Most of these papers have advocated wheel, with two other small wheels for rather likely to hang his hopes on a blind standard size catalogs, standard size regulation. The supply to the large adherence to formulae, the branches of cards, etc. Now, why not get down to a wheels is controlled by a system of levers which, alas! sometimes break just when "standard" themselves? facing the switch board, one to each wheel, most needed. If a traveler who was told The Davis & Egan Mach. Tool Co. with a center lever controlling the whole that he could ford a distant river at a cer-B. B. QuILLEN, at once. taro point should, upon arriving there, Secretary. Covering the whole station is a tray- find the river swollen above its banks by A ersing crane running on rails on the side rains, he would doubtlessly modify his • • walls, powerful enough to lift with ease plans. As Mr. Griffin intimates, it is just „ An Interesting Electric Generating any part of the ponderous machinery of so in the use of formulae. A blind ad-Plant—Rifle Bullets in Place the generators. herence to them is worse than no knowl-of Cape Chisels. On the upper floor will be the trans- edge at all. Editor American Machinist: formers, raising the potential from 525 An engineer who is largely engaged in In company with about seventy-five of volts as generated to io,000 volts, for designing steam engines, for example, our citizens, comprising high Church transmission to the station near the Knuts- may not, if called upon to design one of a officials, the Governor of the State, mem- ford Hotel in Salt Lake City, where the different size, and otherwise different from bers of the County Court, City Council current will be reduced and distributed. anything he has previously designed, con-and other officials, your correspondent The pole line is of very solid construc- sult any formulae which he has, so far as paid a visit to the works of the Big Cot- tion, and is in some places in very diffi- steam engines go, laid aside with the tonwood Power Co. recently. cult locations, as, owing to the steepness things of the past—forgotten. He may The works are situated at a point called, of the canyon sides, it was sometimes hard really believe that he receives no benefit from its excessive steepness, "The Stairs," work to find a footing, in many places the from them. This I do not believe. Their in Big Cottonwood Canyon, about 14 post holes having to be blasted out of the consideration years before has left an un-miles from Salt Lake City. Here the rock. There are four sets of three wires defined impression on his mind, through company have built a dam across one side each, interchanged on the supports to the influence of which he fixes sizes and of a natural basin at the upper part, and neutralize the induction, and one pair of proportions intuitively, as it were, about have tunneled through a rock spur for the telephone wires. in accordance with the knowledge he has pipe outlet, so that they obtain a high fall The company have expended about gained from them, modified by experi-with a comparatively moderate dam, about $350,000 and expect to be ready in two or ence. I believe many things come to the 500 feet long and 35 feet high at the deep- three weeks. They already have con- engineer in that way. Without, appal-- est part. The area of the reservoir is about tracts to supply about 2,000 horse-power ently, using formulae in his work, even eight acres and will hold sufficient water to the present Electric Light Co., the with a belief that he does not, he is making to run the plant for about 3o hours, in street railroads and others. use of them all through his work, al-case of washouts or other accidents to the This enterprise owes its inception and though he has quite forgotten their ex-stream above. Across the reservoir is laid execution entirely to Mr. Robt. M. Jones, pressions. a pipe 5o inches diameter, 1,372 feet long, formerly of Cheyenne, who started in at But what the engineer has the most built of wooden staves with steel bands, first with a few friends, and after doing reason to complain of—or the mechanic to convey the water from the creek direct considerable work, finding their means at least—is not referred to by Mr. Griffin; to the penstock, in case, from any cause, insufficient for the project, looked about that is, a lack of agreement amongst it should be necessary to empty the reser- for other help. Mr. Jones took a trip to formulae makers; "lack of consistency," voir. New York and succeeded in enlisting it might be termed. This, and a rather The overflow and discharge gates from Eastern capital in the enterprise. The general lack of the result of modifying the reservoir open into a channel cut in whole of the work has been built under conditions, lead many engineers to fabri-the solid rock, 3o feet in width, allowing Mr. Jones' personal inspection and super- cate their own formulae instead of using ample room for any sudden rise, as the vision, and is of a very complete and per- those found in text-books, which is, after main channel of the creek is full open on manent character. all, often a wise proceeding for more than one side of the reservoir site and has not Mr. Jones showed us a novel method of one reason. been obstructed in any way. perforating iron plates, which was inter- Referring to lack of consistency, several At the lower end of the reservoir is a esting to the engineer members of the years ago, after I had to do with the de-penstock 7 feet diameter, 14 feet high, into party. It was required to cut four 48-inch signing and construction of a considerable which the wooden pipe delivers; it also openings in the 7-foot penstock for pipe number of steam engines, using precedent has two 48-inch inlets from the reservoir. connections, and the plates were IA inch and what others were doing rather freely From the penstock is led the 48-inch steel thick. They commenced cutting through in the matter of fly-wheels, in building pipe, which, after passing through a tun- with cape chisels; but as that was tedious, different sizes of a new engine I deter-nel for 426 feet, cut in the solid rock, de- they procured some steel bullets cased mined to get right in this matter, and for ter turn belts and bevel gears. T. H. ALMOND, Mfr., 83 0 80 Wallington Street BROOKLYN, N. Y. AMONO

AMERICAN-MACHINIST-1887-page 15-Dec-31

 AMERICAN-MACHINIST- page 15
May 21, 1896. Page 15

Charging a Cupola.

Editor of American Machinist:
Having had thirty-five years of active experience in the foundry, and having read a great many letters in papers de-voted to mechanical subjects, and having also read most of the books on iron found-ing, I have seen very little said regarding the details of cupola working; while a record of the mishaps that have taken place, and the losses which have been in-curred by the proprietors, through a want of knowledge regarding the melting of iron in the cupola, or thrOugh careless-ness in charging, or both, would fill a large book. The object of this letter is to state as clearly as possible some of the causes of the hanging of charges in the cupola. These may be caused in a variety of ways: 1st. In not having the cupola bricked up plumb, leaving a lower course of bricks sticking out a little further than the course

this purpose read everything I had on the subject—everything I had or could get hold of. The result was that, taking those authors whom we are apt to rever-ence as "eminent authority," I could find that al-most any weight of fly-wheel would be right—that is, if I took the right author as authority. I was obliged, in sheer desperation, to make a formula of my own. The formulae I consulted were. given with-out any modifications or references to con-ditions; and as they were given in some instances, one would call for a fly-wheel that would weigh more than twice as much as in another, and this in the in-stance of engines of any size. Something very similar to this is the case with many things of common use, the strength of the teeth of gear wheels being a notable example. It is such discrepancies as these that dis-gust the engineer and confuse and mislead the mechanic. There should be more consistency. Lack of it brings all sorts of formulae into disrepute. It reminds one of a good many publications that gravely tell the reader that a condenser on a steam engine will add 20 to 3o per cent. to the power without so much as a hint as to whether the steam pressure is 5 pounds or 15o pounds. This may not trouble the engineer, but it m

ay be worse than Greek to the plain mechanic, who could give the engineer a pocketful of points on turning shafts and boring holes. FRANK GLEASON. Testing Lubricating Oils. Editor American Machinist: In your issue of April 23d was an in-quiry for a cheap device for getting at the lubricating properties of machine oils. Such a device is shown in the ac-companying cut. Get a box at least as long as the diam-eter of the shaft; have it babbitted, and drill a hole through the top and nearly through the babbitt, so that a thermom-eter will nearly reach the shaft. Put a clamp on the box as shown, hav-ing one side long, so as to have a hinged support fastened to the floor on the short end and a weight on the long end. Pro-vide a sight-feed oil cup so as to feed a certain amount of oil for, say, ten min-utes. If you have a standard oil, screw the clamp together, adding weight as neces-sary, until in the ten minutes the tem-perature will rise twenty-five degrees, or thereabouts. When your oil agent comes around, put in some of his oil and get it feeding right so as to consume the same amount, and then screw up the clamp until the weight is lifted and note the rise in tem-perature. This will give the property for lubrication. Then note whether it feeds freely, so that there would be no :Irouble in this direction. Then learn the cold test, or how it would feed in cold

AMERICAN MACHINIST weather, in exposed places, and when rooms get cold in the cold winter morn-ings. There is another condition comes in now: If an electric station, or if the oil is to be caught and filtered, it is impor-tant that a straight mineral oil shall be used—in the first case, so that one kind -71 Thermometer A

FRICTION DEVICE FOR TESTING OILS.

of oil can be used for engines, shafting, dynamos, commutators, blowers, etc.; and second, because if a compound oil is used it will thicken up every time it is filtered, and in a short time will be un-fit for further use. Then there are en-gines, like the "Ideal," that have a case containing oil, and also the water that comes from the piston rod. Animal oil will mix with water by agitation, as well as with alkalies, and in such situations compounded oils are in-admissible, as in a short time they get thick like soap, and do not feed, and a straight mineral product is the only proper thing to use. Now, these straight mineral oils will heat up quicker in the device described than some mixtures of animal oil, so that the temperature shown by the thermom-eter is not the only test in all cases. If in a mill, and the oil is not to be filtered, then the oil showing the least rise in tem-perature is the better if it feeds well, does not gum, and will work the year through. If for the other purposes, and you have an oil that shows up well for a lubricant, then the alkali test, as described for cylinder oils, will tell whether it is straight mineral or not. Another thing should be taken into ac-count, and that is the weight and speed. Light, high-speed machinery requires a thinner oil than heavy machinery. A careful record of coal used from week to week will often show the effects of using different oils. W. E. CRANE. • • • Technical Education. Editor American Machinist: The letters which have appeared re-cently in your valuable paper, concerning the requirements for admission to me-chanical engineering colleges, and Cor-nell University in particular, have been perused by me with interest, as I at one time had the pleasure of being a student at Cornell. In reading over the list of studies pur-sued, one would judge that there was much in them that a mechanical engineer

15-525
could well dispense with; but in our times, it is well for a man to have general as well as specific knowledge, so that when the occasion demands he will not be found deficient. One difficulty I believe is that young men who learn trades before entering col-lege often overrate the value of their practical training; and when principles are explained to them, they only see what they knew before, but the reasons for which were not clear to them. In my own case, I had spent years in the shop and had picked up enough knowledge of drawing to be able to do a little of it; but when I presented some of my work to the professor in charge, and he placed me in the elementary department, I thought that my time was being mis-spent. After eight years' experience as a practical draftsman, I have often felt thankful for the knowledge I gained while there. There were several other young mechanics of my acquaintance who entered the course at the same time I did, and we were all deficient in mathematics, which, of course, was due to the fact that we did not know the value of those studies until we were placed in a position where their application was necessary. My advice to young men who have a desire and an opportunity to take a technical course, would be to prepare carefully before entering college, and then the task will not be so laborious. As I remarked previously, the studies laid out are calculated to broaden a man's intellect, and the range is not so confined as to make him too thoroughly mechanical in his knowledge. Many a man who has been financially successful as a manufacturer, superintendent or designer, has paved the way to success by his knowledge of principles and facts that bear indirectly on his profession. OMEGA.

AMERICAN-MACHINIST-1887-page 15-Dec-31

 AMERICAN-MACHINIST- page 16
pg 16

526-16 Charging A Cupola Furnace cont.

above it. 2d. In charging the cupola in a careless manner,
by throwing in pieces of scrap iron with many angles, so that they will lock in the sides of the brick and cause the furnace to hang, and the coke burns out from under them. 3d. Overcharging; that is, putting in more iron to a charge than the fuel is able to melt.
4th (This is oftener the cause than all the others combined). An insufficiency of fuel on the bed;
and this, I claim, is the most important thing connected with the working of the cupola, and particularly so in the melting of chilled iron. I have seen, time and again, in various places where I have worked, in big shops and in small, that after tapping out about the first charge, the cupola would refuse to melt and the bottom would have to be dropped; or, if it kept on melting, it would be where there was an excess of fuel be-tween the charges, and the iron would melt so slow and dull that the work would generally be spoiled, and the men, after standing around from half-an-hour to an hour, would be sent home and some of them laid off for want of floor room until the heat was finally taken off. When a cupola acts in this manner, it is plainly a case of insufficiency of fuel in the bed and too much between the charges. Now, there is a rule for the charging of fuel in the cupola which has never failed me since I found it out. It is a long way from the theoretical amount of fuel it should take to melt iron, but in practice it is correct. This refers strictly to cu-polas in which coke is used entirely; hav-ing been in the West for the past twenty-five years, I have not had much experi-ence with anthracite coal, not having used much for that length of time. Take, for example, a cupola 3o inches inside diameter, of brick, with 15 inches from iron bottom of cupola to bottom of tuyeres. This cupola will take a bed of coke of 571 pounds, with charges of iron of 1,250 pounds. This is as much iron as ought to be charged for safety if the iron is pig and heavy scrap; but if the scrap iron is light and compact, the charge may be safely increased to 1,50o pounds. The remaining charges of coke should be 75 pounds to 1,250 pounds of iron, or 162/3 to I. If it should be light, compact scrap, this can also be increased to 1,500 pounds charges. This will bring your iron down hot and fast, provided, of course, that the coke be Connelsville or its equal, and the cupola has been charged intelligently. Taking a 3o-inch cupola and 571 pounds charges of coke with 1,250 pounds charges of iron as units, then to charge a 42-inch cupola, 3o : 42 : 571 : W, the answer wanted ; or, 571 X 42 30 = 799, or 800 pounds of coke for a 42-inch cupola bed. The charges of iron would read 125o X 42 3o : 42 : : 1,250 : X ; or,30 = 1,75o pounds of iron would be. a safe charge for a 42-inch cupola. AMERICAN MACHINIST _ - As I mentione- -cove, if the scrap iron is small and compact, the charges in a 42-inch cupola can be increased to 2,000 per charge. Now, with regard to the coke charges after the bed, they would be 1,25o : 75 : : 1,75o : x; or, ,750 X 75= 105 1,250 pounds, the charge . of 'coke in a 42-inch cupola. This will melt the iron hot and fast, and with 1,750 charges any iron can be melted that is suitable for this size of cupola. This can all be done in a cupola with one range of tuyeres, and the ordinary air chamber around it, in using a Colliau cupola. This amount can be reduced a little, but not much, showing that perfect charging is the secret of cupola working. GRINDR OD. Helena, Mont. A A A Storing Pattern Lumber — Comput-ing Weight of Round Iron. Editor American Machinist: The matter of taking care of the lumber used in the pattern shop is generally more or less of a nuisance; and while the way I am about to explain is by no means per-fect, it has some good features, and I pre-sent it to the readers of the "American Machinist" after having tried it for more than a year and found nothing better. Our pattern shop is about 36 feet wide, with a half diamond truss of wood. As the roof is about one-third pitch, there is 116" IV Fig. 11A; Hole Fig. 3 ARRANGEMENT FOR HANDLING PAT-TERN LUMBER. quite a large space between the members of the truss, i. e., between the lower chord and the rafters. We decided to utilize this space for the storage of lumber. This was done by nailing vertical strips I x 2 inches onto the trusses, about 3 inches apart in the clear. Then a horizontal piece I x 3 inches was nailed to these, leaving a space so that boards 24 inches wide could be pushed on edge between the vertical strips. A similar arrangement was sus-pended between the trusses, so that short lengths of lumber could be stored. May 21, 1896. In Fig. I the lumber racks are on the right and left-hand sides, while a movable platform D occupies the space between and travels on the track C C, made of VA x 7-inch yellow pine. These rails C C are spiked to hangers, which are in turn spiked to timbers B B. The members A. A are the rafters of the trusses. When I proposed this arrangement, some objection was made on account of the cost; but, after all, the expense was very small and the device is simple. The platform is simply a frame shown in plan in Fig. 2, the sides and ends of which are x 7-inch yellow pine, braced as shown in Fig. 2, with strips II/2 x 3 inches. The wheels are about VA-inch face and about 7-inch diameter, and the axles are simply round rough rods of bar iron. The wheels were chucked and a flat drill rammed through them, and set screws hold them on the axles. The journal bearings are cast iron, made as shown in Fig. 3. I made the pattern for this job, and it took me probably a half-hour. The hole was drilled so the rough shafts would go through easy, and the bolt holes made themselves. Six of these castings were required, and were secured in place by 5/8-inch rods going clear through, thus tying the frame work to-gether. The decking is 1-inch rough boards. We can easily put io,000 feet of lumber up there, and it is not much of a job to get it there. Lumber seasons well there, and every individual board can be exam-ined readily, and, also, only as much as is wanted at a time need be cut off. A per-son can tell just what lumber is on hand and how much. It is true that the boards warp some, but they usually come back, and I have found no more difficulty on that score than when piled flat with hori-zontal strips between. We have had quite a shower of con-stants, formulae, etc., lately, and I will offer the following rule for estimating the weight of round bar iron. Of course, it is only approximate. I have never seen it. or heard of it, but it just occurred to me when running over a table of weights. This is the rule: Take the diameter in sixteenths and square it; point off two places: For instance—What is the weight per foot of a 3-inch round iron bar? 3 inches equal 48 sixteenths, 48 squared equals 2,304; pointing off two places gives the weight 23.04 pounds. The actual weight is 24.03. Take 2-inch shaft: 32 squared equals 1,024; pointing off two places gives 10.24 pounds. Actual weight, io.68 pounds. This is easy to remember and is close enough for many purposes. A. L. BOWEN. Fastening Piston Rods. Editor American Machinist: It is no wonder that Mr. Bullock did not give us his method of securing piston

AMERICAN-MACHINIST-1887-page 15-Dec-31

 AMERICAN-MACHINIST- page 21
15-inch Hendey Shaper
pg 21 May 21, 1896. AMERICAN MACHINIST

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The Stroke can be adjusted for Curves with machine in motion. The Stroke can be adjusted for Angles with machine in motion. The Stroke can be adjusted for Irregular work with machine in motion. It has Adjustable Table for planing Taper Work. The Table can be removed for fastening work to the Apron. It has a strong, graduated swivel vise. Quick work, rapid changes, modern ideas Buy the best.
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EUROPEAN AGENTS Chas. Churchill & Co., Ltd , 21 Cross Street, Finsbury, London. Schuchardt & Schutte, 59 Spandauer Strasse, Berlin. Eugen Soller, Basel , Switzerland.

(Continued from page 20.) —which in this case extends over a period of twenty-seven years—and in the giving of it to pay particular attention to those questions which most often come up be-tween steel workers and users and steel makers. In this book very many of the fruitful causes of trouble and dissatisfac-tion with steel are taken up, the bad prac-tice which causes them described, and the way to better practice pointed out. The book is well calculated to dispel many of the mysteries attending the working and use of steel, and at the same time to cause increased respect for this most useful of materials. Every chapter is valuable; but if there were no others than those en-titled "General Properties of Steel," "Heating," "Annealing," "Hardening and Tempering," and "Humbugs," these would make the book invaluable to all who have much to do with steel, and no book has appeared for some time that is capable of doing so much good in indus-trial establishments where steel is used. It should be read by every tool-smith and all others who are concerned in machine construction. The only point we can find to criticize about the book is the ab-sence of an index—a feature which we think all books should possess

Commercial Review.

NEW YORK, SATURDAY EVENING, MAY 16th.

Dynamos and Motors. Outwardly, at least, the electrical ap-pears one of the most prosperous branches of the machinery trade. A number of those engaged in the business talk as though the tendency were now somewhat upward. While it is hard to find any tangible evidence of large increase, the at-mosphere strikes one less gloomy than during the winter; yet further inquiry into conditions, and especially the inferences to be drawn from the present demoraliza-tion of prices, show the rashness of "bull-ish" talk. It is not admitted that list prices have undergone any especial change, but it is the discounts, and not the lists, which principally determine the market, and these have been running wild for a year or more past. According to reports derived from various sources, recent concessions have been very great, and perhaps the market may, in some quarters, be con-sidered weaker now than it was even a month or two ago. One of the best lines of work at this season, and for the companies which en-gage in it, perhaps the best of all, is sup-plying the demand for street railways. One local company has experienced con-siderable improvement recently in that line. However, this has not proved a re-markably good year for street railway work, and the principal demand is said to be caused by the extension or renewal of established roads, rather than by the installation of new enterprises.

AMERICAN-MACHINIST-24 May 21, 1896.

AMERICAN-MACHINIST- page 24
The Toledo Machine and Tool Co.

AMERICAN MACHINIST May 21, 1896.

The Toledo Machine and Tool Co.
MANUFACTURERS OF POWER PUNCHING, DROP, TRIMMING, STAMPING, RIVETING, EMBOSSING PRESSES, With Automatic Feeds. MACHINES FOR WORKING BAR AND SHEET METALS. Complete Outfits for Can Making.

S END FOR CATALOGUE A

The Toledo Machine and Tool Co. Oak and Jackson Ave., TOLEDO, 0., U. S. A. D Lowest Cash Discounts allow-ed on Architectural, Scientific, Electrical, Mechanical, Indus-trial and Technical Books.-Cat alogue and Discount Sheet Free. WM. T. COMSTOCK. 23 Warren St . New York.

NEW HAVEN MFG. CO. Lathes Planers ect
manufacturers of IRON WORKING MACHINERY, Planers, Lathes, Slotters, etc. CATALOGUE AC.

F. W. Wheeler & Co., West Bay City, Mich.,
will rebuild their recently burned blacksmith shop in steel department; it will be of steel construction, 75 x 250 feet; engine,shearing, bending and punching machinery, trip hammers and other sheet steel working machinery will be put in. Two of the 400-feet steel boats of Rockafeller's new flect are being built at this yard. The United States Projectile Co., of Brooklyn, N. Y , are erecting a new building to meet the large demand for their products. The new building will be 100 feet wide and 450 feet long, of steel skeleton structure throughou . The steel work for the building has been designed and will be erected by the Berlin Iron Bridge Co.. of East Berlin, Conn. The trusses have a clear span of 100 feet, and the general construction is such that it will make one of the finest buildings of the kind in the country.

Howard Chainless Bicycle.
The first man in any town who buys one will be allowed an agent's discount and offered an agent-cy, whereby he gets commissions that will pay for his wheel, or at least reduce the cost. Address HOWARD, 77i Summer Av„ Newark. N.J. Don't Expect of any book. It can't sup-ply brains and use them Too Much too. It can only point out the way and show you how to work out the problem.

furnished by two of Rand Drill Co.'s 16 x 14 x 22 class C compressors. James Minnes, Thos. Campbell Wilson, Geo. Sears, John Carson, and Geo. Alfred McGowan are the provisional directors in a $4,000 (four thousand) joint stock company for the manufacture of horse shoes, stamping, forging, etc. Business and factory to be located in Kingston, Ont. Col. James M. Moore, Acting Quartermaster General, U. S. A , Army Building, New York, N. Y., is inviting sealed proposals until May 26th, for in-stalling a new compound engine etc.. in the U. S. S. S. Ordnance." Plans and specifications may be obtained by addressing the above-named officer.

The Congress of Honduras has passed an act granting a concession to New York capitalists for the building of an inter-oceanic railroad from Puerto Cortes to Amapala. Before carrying out their concession, the company have to consolidate the foreign debt and make an arrangement with the holders of the former concession for the same road.

The Hobbs Hardware Company, of London, Ont., have decided to go into the manufacture of bicycles. A portion of the Rideout Street factory will be used for that purpose. They are now looking up the latest methods, and will endeavor to secure the best and up-to-date machinery, and intend to have several thousand wheels ready for the trade of 189:".

The Utica Drop Forge & Tool Co.
has been organized at Utica,, N. Y. to manufacture a complete line of nippers and plyers. They are the owners of the patents under which Hall's I ippers are manufactured, and have purchased the tools and special machinery of the Interchangeable Tool Co., formerly of Boonton, N. J. The new company is under the direction of prominent men in Utica, and the superintendent will be Mr. Fred C. McClary, who will be assisted by H. Lawrence White.

The Pendleton Manufacturing Co.. of Carbon-dale, Pa., manufacturers of spinning and winding bobbins, in non-corrosive metal, for silk mill use, have recently enlarged their manufacturing facil-ities by the addition of another floor, 40 x 60 feet, and have ordered additional new machinery from the Ferracute Machine Co., of Bridgeton, N. J. Until this enlargement of the plant was made, the shops of the company were working double shift. The orders now in hand will keep the plant busily occupied for two or three months to come.

There are three sizes of Standard Catalogs, first authorized by the Master Car Builders' Association,
9" x 12", 6" x 9" and 3W x 6". We recommend the 6" x 9" size for machinery catalogs. When they must be larger or smaller, one of the other standard sizes should be adopted if possiblp. Mitts & Merrill, Saginaw, Mich , send us catalog of their new Giant key-seater, in which they pub-lish perspective and sectional views of the ma-chine and also parts showing its construction and method of operation The catal,g is standard size, 6 x 9 inches.

MACHINE - SHOP ARITHMETIC
not only tells you how to solve any shop problem, but tells why, and all in the plainest language. That's why so many shopmen buy it. Have you ordered yours? 50 Cents, 2c. stamps taken. Practical Publishing Co., East Orange, N. J.

" AKRON " BELTING
is guaranteed for the most ex-acting service. Defective Belts Replaced Free. THE AKRON BEIJING CO. Manufacturers of Belting and pomor Mill Supplies. 401,140 AKRON, OHIO, U. S. A. Valuable Hand-Book Free. Practical Books for Practical Men Catalogue of the leading and most important works on STEAM, STEAM ENGINES, ME-CHANICS, MACHINERY, MECHA NICAL and ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, sent free to any address. PHILADELPHIA BOOK CO. Practical and Scientific Books, 19 South Ninth Street, PHILADELPHIA, PA.

WATER POWER GOVERNED
for electrical and other work, with results equal to the best Corliss engine prac-tice. Send for Illustrated Cat-alogue "A." THE REPLOGLE GOVERNOR WORKS, Akron, 0., U. S. A. MARK A. REPLOGLE, Chief Engineer.

DISCOUNTS COMBINED DRILL AND COUNTERSINK FOR CENTERING LATHE WORK.
DE FRIES & CO., DUSSELDORF, Germany, Engineers and Importers of American machines, want to represent in Germany and neighboring countries American manufactories of Tool-engines and other specialties. Neat HANGERS From Pr Designs Get A Bookletiy Armstrong's Pipe Threading and Cutting=off Machines Both Hand and Power. Sizes 1 to 6 in. Stocks and Dies universealy acknowledged to be THE BEST. Send for Catalog. The Armstrong Mfg. Co. Bridgeport, Conn.

SAW I WITH THE " FLEETWOOD" and " DEXTER " Foot or Power. TRUMP BROS. MACHINE CO., Mfrs. WILMINGTON, DELAWARE, 1-,J. S. A. For sale by CHAS. CHURCHILL & CO., Ltd. London, England.

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Automatic Solid Die Bolt.

THREADING MACHINES.
Two Styles. Four Sizes. Send for Catalogue "A." WEBSTER & PERKS TOOL CO. Cur. Spring and Monroe Sts., Springfield, Ohio.

AMERICAN-MACHINIST-page 34 May 21, 1896.

AMERICAN-MACHINIST- page 34
May 21, 1896

AMERICAN MACHINIST May 21, 1896 pg 34
24-INCH SWING ENGINE LATHE.

F. E. REED COMPANY, Worcester, Mass.
Engine Lathes from 10 to 30 inch Swing Inclusive.

QUINT'S TURRET DRILLS
With from 2 to 12 Spindles, will drill and tap at same operation. ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BICYCLE AND ELECTRICAL WORK. Only the spindle in use revolves. All tools work to same point in center of table. A. 0. QUINT, Hartford, Conn. $26.60 an 8 Light 16 C P.110 Volt Dynamo. This Little Wonder is a high grade machine tally guaranteed. Do your own lighting. Just the thing to light your Shop. Only one horse power required to run it. Sold at above low price to introduce our larger ma-chines. BIND sos czacriAz so. 6=. ROTH BROS. CO. 30 to 34 Market Street, Chicago, Ill, u. a. A.

Eocomotive Engineering

44• It is the most interesting and finest illustrated railroad paper pub-lished. Price $2.00 a year. . . . SINCLAIR & HILL, 256 Broadway, New York. Specimen copy free,

LeCOUNT'S HEAVY STEEL CLAMP

MANUFACTURED BY WM. G. LeCOUNT, SUCCESSOR TO C. W. LE COUNT, South Norwalk, Conn. Send for "Catalog A," full line of machine tools PITTSBURGH, PA. CHICAGO, ILL. NEW YORK, N. Y. DENVER, COL.

CI e. We have reduced the cost of getting out work in a good many shops, by supply-ing BETTER tool and die steel than was formerly used. .4 .4 .4 .0 ,4 Perhaps we can help you in this direction. .4 06 .4 ot SOFT CASTINGS,

Made from best grades of Pig Iron for Light Machinery, Electric Work, etc.

THE BURR & HOUSTON CO., 33 to 39 frankli. St., BROOKLYN, N. Y. Kidd Drill Rods and Needle Wire Manufactured by the Kidd Steel Wire Co., Ltd., Sharpsburg, Pa. Superior Quality for all Purposes-- Complete Stocks in Our Warehouses. ABBOTT, WHEELOCK & COMPANY, NEW YORK. BOSTON. CHICAGO.

STURTEVANT HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL. SINGLE AND DOUBLE. =DLO:E. ENGINES. SIMPLE AND COMPOUND. BOSTON. B. F. STIJRTEVANT CO, NEW YORK, CHICAGO. LONDON, ENG.

AMERICAN-MACHINIST-page 37 May 21, 1896.

AMERICAN-MACHINIST- page 37
May 21, 1896

AMERICAN MACHINIST May 21, 1896 pg 37

May 21, 1896. AMERICAN MACHINIST

page 37

Almond Drill Chuck Sold at all Machinists' Supply Stores. T. R. ALMOND, 88 a 85 Washington St., BROOKLYN, N. Y. NEWTON MACHINE TOOL WORKS, PHILADELPHIA.

CONSULTING MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. AAA

WM. H. BOOTH, Mem. A. S. C. E. Steam and Hydraulic Engineer. Inventions introduced to Financiers and others. 17 Shaftsbury avenue, LONDON, W. L. P. BRECKENRIDGE, Mem. A. S. M. E., Consulting M. E., Champaign, Ill. W. E. CRANE, M. E., New England Engineering Co.' Electric Light and Power Plants, 17 Harrison Avenue, Waterbury, Conn.

CHARLES A. HAGUE, Consulting Engineer. Pumping Plants, Power Plants, Steam, Water, Electricity, Designing and Experting, 39 Cortlandt Street, New York City. WILLIAM H. HONISS, Mech. Engineer and Solicitor of Patents. Designer and Supervising Constructor of Automatic and Special Machinery. Inventions Developed. Hartford, Conn. HENRY F. NOYES, Solicitor of Patents and Mechanical Expert, 523 Monadnock Block, Chicago, Ill. W. H. ODELL, Power Measured — Specialty. Economical Generation and Application of Steam. Yonkers, N. Y. C. L REDFIELD, Designer of Special Machinery. Expert in Patent Causes. Room 604, 269 Dearborn Street, Chicago, Ill.

WM. 0. WEBBER, Consulting Engineer. Shop Methods and Economic Production a Specialty. No. 78 Mason Building (Tel. 2102), Boston, Mass.

GOT YOURS YET ?

9 CATALOGUE OUR NEW CA is waiting for you to ask for it-pages of the best of modern fine tools and cutters-12 entirely new pages— it's a book every mechanic needs. THE L. S. STARRETT CO., Box 96, Athol, Mass.

Send for Catalog A. M. JOHN STARK.

222 Moody Street, Waltham, Mass., U. S. A. goTUERK BROS., 35-45 West Randolph street, Chicago, Ill. V ;15 CHAS. CHURCHILL & CO., Ltd., 21 Cross street, Finsbury, London E. C. England. 41S0

Almond Drill Chuck
Sold at all Machinists' Supply Stores. T. R. ALMOND, 88 a 85 Washington St., BROOKLYN, N. Y. NEWTON MACHINE TOOL WORKS, PHILADELPHIA.

Horizontal Boring and Milling Machine.

Electric Power
25 H. P. Induction Motors Driving Machinery in Miami Cycle Works, Middletown, Ohio. Each Belted to a SeParate Shaft 180 Feet Long, with 80 Belts. MOTORS for driving all kinds of machinery, from largest to small-est, with economy, convenience and efficiency.


Slow Speed Direct Current Motor.
We are the largest producers of Motors, Dynamos and all Electric Machinery.

Register your Name and Address now, for Free Copy of our forthcoming Book on Electrical Power of great value to every Mechanic and Power User. otot0eAPC,,stototoe General Electric Co., 44 Broad Street, New York City, U. S. A.

AMERICAN-MACHINIST-page 37 May 21, 1896.

AMERICAN-MACHINIST- page 37 May 21, 1896

AMERICAN MACHINIST May 21, 1896 pg 39

May 21, 1896. AMERICAN MACHINIST

BROWN & SHARPE MFG. CO. PROVIDENCE, R. I.
END MILL ST SLOT CUTTERS
Chicago Office and Store, 23 S. Canal st. England—BUCK & HICK1VIAN, 280 Whitechapel Road, London, E. England—CHAS. CHURCHILL & CO., Ltd., 21 Cross st., Finsbury, London, E. C. Germany—SCHUCHARDT & SCHUTTE, 59 Spandauerstrasse, Berlin, C. (Small Tools). Germany—GUSTAV DIECHMANN & SOHN, Zimmerstrasse 87, Berlin, S. W. 12. France—F. G. KREUTZBERGER, FENWICK FRERES & CO., 21 Rue Martel, Paris. 53 Sizes Listed in Catalogue. Leading Hardware and Supply Dealers have in stock the sizes most commonly used. . WARNER & SWASEY CLEVELAND, OHIO. MANUFACTURERS OF 7 SCREW FACHINES 0 IRON AND BRASS WORKING MACHINERY. SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE. We have a few of our common lathes in stock, new, as follows; will sell at a low price, guaranteeing them strictly first-class: One x6 inches by x2 feet with taper attachment. One IS TWO 2i One 24 One 24 " THE HENDEY MACHINE CO., TORRINCTON, CONN. THE HAYDEN & DERBY MFG. CO. MANUFACTURERS OF METROPOLITAN nnlibin illioctors. 4.4:1 U E. AMER The Standard the world over. High Grade Reliable. Durable. Send for our book—' Practical Infor-mation on Injectors." Sent free OFFICE & SALESROOM, 111 & 113 LIBERTY ST., NEW YORK. 424 TELEPHONE BUILDING, I 60 SOUTH CANAL ST. PITTSBURGH, PA. CHICAGO, ILL. 16" Lathe with Taper Attachment. The Accurate. Easy ana quick to operate. No backlash or lost motion. All changes can be made from front of lathe. THE BEST. (LATHER & COMPANY, - NASHUA, N. H. Wanted—An Idea Who can think of some simple thing to patent? Protect your ideas; they may bring you wealth. Write JOHN WEDDERBURN & CO., Patent Attor-neys, Washington, D. C., for their $1.800 prize offer and list of two hundred inventions wanted. 1 Ih Fine Grade Drop Forgings. 'WYMAIN&GOIIDONT, WORCESTER,MASS. THE STIRLING Water-Tube Safety Boilers. SAFE. ECONOMICAL DURABLE. • • A No cast metal. No flat surfaces. No mul-titudinous hand-hole plates and gaskets to remove, clean and make tight with every cleaning, and our man-holes give access to in-terior of every tube. Write for Catalogue Z. THE STIRLING CO., Gen'l Offices, Pullman Building, Chicago. Branches in All Cities. Finest Line of CALIPERS. All Tool Steel, AT SAME PRICE YOU PAY FOR SOFT STEEL. Till July 1st, a sample pair, 4 inch, will be mailed for . . STANDARD TOOL CO., Athol, Mass., U. S. A. MANUFACTUREAs OF MECHANICS' FINE TOOLS- CATALOG FREE. JONES & LAMSON MACHINE COMPANY, SPRINGFIELD, VT. (SEE SECOND COVER PACE.) FLAT TURRET LATHE.

AMERICAN-MACHINIST-page 37 May 21, 1896.

AMERICAN-MACHINIST- page 40 May 21, 1896 BAUSH & HARRIS MACHINE TOOL CO. AMERICAN MACHINIST May 21, 1896 pg 40

May 21, 1896. AMERICAN MACHINIST page cover back inside.

BAUSH & HARRIS MACHINE TOOL CO. HOLYOKE, MASS.
MANUFACTURERS OF j Patent Radial — Drills OF EVERY_ DESCRIPTION.
'44 MACHINES, the Latest and Best. HURLBUT ROGERS MACHINE CO., SO. SUDBURY. MASS. Miner & Peck Mfg. Co., New Haven, Conn.

FINE TIPS.
Tapper, Bolt, Hobs, Patch Bolt, Boiler, Pipe, etc., etc., every variety made. Also a large line of Screw-Cutting Tools and Machinery. Manufactured by WELLS BROS. ..SL, CREENFIELD, MASS., U. S. A. SEND FOR CATALOG "A."

TIlE WATERBURY SPECIAL , U R MACHINERY FOR MAKING STEEL AND BRASS GOODS, SILVER-WARE, HARDWARE, PLETE CATALOGUE OF OVER 300 PAGES. Roots' new Acme band Blowers

FORCE BLAST CHEAP. P.N. 8, F. M. ROOTS, Connersville, Ind. BOX 3768. CHICAGO, ILL., 1405-10 :Manhattan Blg.

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One man. broke [14" lathes] two x It" [16" lathes] tools on his, [IS" lathes] and was then satisfied it was [20" lathes] put up all right [24" lathes] and had the power " in it." [27" lathes]. It has stiffness [30" lathes] too. OUR CATALOGUE TELLS OF 36 OTHER GOOD POINTS *Ask for copy of his letter about that breakage 111 The Lodge & Shipley Machine Tool Co. CINCINNATI, 0., U. S. A.

ASBESTOS CEMENT FELTING, FOR LAGGING LOCOMOTIVE BOILERS. Samples and Descriptive Price List Free by Mad. We are prepared to take Contracts for applying Steam Pipe and Boiler Coverings in any part of the United States. H. W. JOHNS MANUFACTURING CO. 87 Maiden Lane, NEW YORK.

Universal Grinders
Will not only grind Cutters and Reamers rapidly 11$10 and surface grinding. Most Complete and yet 411, and correctly, but are also arranged for circular simple. Write for pamphlet. THE CINCINNATI MILLING MACHINE CO. Station B. • . • CINCINNATI, 0. Armstrong Cool holders FaonrdTgornriinnt IiiDelatartn.g

OVER 50,000 NOW IN USE. Especially adapted for the economical use of Self-Hardening Steel. Saves all Blacksmith Work. 70 per cent. Grinding.-90 per cent. Tool Steel. Guaranteed to some their cost in 30 days use. MANUFACTURED ONLY BY ARMSTRONG BROTHERS TOOL CO., No. 98 W. Washington Street, Chicago.