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pg-6  AMERICAN-MACHINIST-March 20 1886-- 1886 AMERICAN MACHINIST pg 6
 

this is it

AMERICAN-MACHINIST-page 6 October 1892       Wood Wagon/Carrage Wheel tendoning-machine.

June 16, 18892  AMERICAN MACHINIST pg 6 AMERICAN MACHINIST 
more effective than facing shaken on, and gives the casting a glistening silvery surface. The reason for the grain being closer, and the carbon being diminished, is that high silicon iron contains less carbon than No. 1 or No. 2 gray foundry iron, and, therefore, at each addition the carbon will become less, and the castings will grow lighter in color. Before closing, let us say a word regarding silicon pig-iron. As silicon drives out car-bon, the higher the silicon the less the grain in a pig-iron or casting. Pig-iron contain-ing ten per cent. of silicon has very little grain, and with fifteen per cent the grain is generally absent, and high silicon irons are often full of blow-holes. Pig-iron with from four to six per cent. of silicon can be pro-duced at ordinary blast furnace tempera-tures from suitable ores, but to obtain the higher percentages a furnace must be run at an unsafe temperature. The high grades are therefore more ex-pensive, and being deficient in carbon, are no Bette! ior use than the lower grades, which are more easily and cheaply obtainable. As to the kind of silicon iron to use, it makes but little difference where the silicon comes from. One iron is about as good as an-other, if the same rules regarding chill and shrinkage are observed as are applied in the purchase of gray pig. Very high silicon irons will often give quite a deep chill, and must, therefore, be avoided. The location of the foundry will determine what irons are most desirable to purchase, and it will take some experiment to find out which irons will go best together. We sometimes hear of some one who does not believe in the use of silicon iron, or who has not produced good results by its use. It must always be remembered that for soft gray castings as thin as stove plate, the silicon should be about two and three-quar-ters per, cent. If your castings already contain that amount, it will result in damage to make it higher. The only place to use silicon iron is in a mixture deficient in silicon. For machinery castings, which should con-tain about one and one-half per cent. of sili-bon, mottled and low grades of gray found-ry pig-iron may be used, and if more cailionn is nopritarl a littlP Nn 2 nr Nn 1 mfiv 
ly, to be out of truth laterally, i. e., they project from the felloe varying amounts at different points. The machine which we il-lustrate herewith is designed to correct this, the manner in which it accomplishes the work being obvious from an inspection of the engraving. Bolted to a post is a plate upon which two other plates are fitted to slide, each of these latter plates carrying a roller. The lower roll is driven by the pulley seen, while the upper one is driven by friction with the re-volving wheel, it being pressed down upon it by the hand-wheel and screw seen above. The wheel is supported upon a stud which fits into a T-slot in a plate attached to the trestle frame as shown, and one revolution of the wheel trues it, and, of course, leaves it in better condition than where a hammer is used, as it is free from disfiguring marks. The rolls are made of steel, hardened, and the frame of hard wood drawn bolted and finished in shellac. The machine is made by the Cordesman Machine Company, Cin-cinnati, Ohio. 
LETTERS FROM PRACTICAL MEN. 
Turning Paper. Editor American Machinist : I am impelled to write because, as I think, the " other fellow " did not enlighten your inquirer as to the best tool to use in truing paper friction wheels. Twenty-one years ago I was a sort of as-sistant engineer in the erection of one of the largest saw-mills built up to that time, and as it was what would be termed a friction-mill, 1. e. , all its important power transmissions 

TURNING PAPER. 
from a 500 H. P. engine were by means of friction gearing, I had a good bit of experi-ence in dealing with both paper and wood friction gearing. At first the turning of the wheels was a very tedious and unsatisfactory process. Tools containing in one form or another the different ideas shown in your nst few issues by as many eorresnondents 
volve freely but snugly in the hole in A. The shank is "necked" and a small pin C in-serted, to prevent longitudinal motion of the shank and its head. Any lathe hand will, of course, understand how to set and use the tool. One peculiarity of this tool is that it is practically self-sharpening, the button being 
Ribbon pulling in direction indicated by arrow 
A it Weiyhts b b Stop Pins 
A 
bo 
A 
NOT PERPETUAL MOTION. 
abraded on the plane side, so that in some cases it is sharper at the end of a long cut than at the beginning. The speed of the lathe should be such that the friction of the revolving button does not generate too much heat. When properly managed this tool will make a long paper friction roller shine from very perfection of surface. C. C. HILL. 
Not a Perpetual Motion Device. Editor American Machinist : In your issue of May 19 you make a state-ment in your editorial headed, " Some Per-petual Motion Schemes," that is evidently contrary to well-known principles, and as you are usually correct in your criticisms and answers to disputed questions, it seems strange that you should have been misled by such a simple device as the one you men-tion as having been patented in connection with a typewriter. I do not know, and can-not tell from your description, exactly how the device is made, but I inclose a sketch of a device which will evidently accomplish the same purpose as the one patented, viz., to continually resist the motion of the rib-bon as it is wound upon the other spool. You say in revnrd to this " But of enlircp 
which I have tried and found to be a simple device for the purpose. As you can readily see, the removal of tension from other end of the ribbon would allow the disk and the weights to drop back about one-half turn, or until the weights A' A' A' were all hanging in positions corresponding to A A A. I think you will see that your designation of a device of this kind as a " perpetual mo-tion device is not proper. B. W. HOYT. [Our language as quoted by Mr. Hoyt would obviously apply to the device shown by him, and is therefore erroneous to that extent, as what he says of the device is cor-rect. We have reason to believe, however, that we were correct in designating the patented device as an attempt at perpetual motion, though we are not in a position to give a demonstration of it.—ED.] 
Old versus New Catalogues and Price Lists. Editor American _Machinist : Your columns abound in helpful sugges-tions in regard to a good many of the fail-ings of human nature, but there is one peculiarity which I have not seen mentioned. This is the belief in the minds of some men, who otherwise are sensible, that certain classes of those with whom they deal will always run in the same ruts, and never make any changes. Men of this kind always cling to old catalogues and circulars, and it is for their benefit that the makers of catalogues issue their almost pathetic appeal to " use care to destroy old catalogues, and only keep those of the latest edition on hand." To these men, quotations and price lists also seem to be made for eternity, and it is on account of the carelessness of such people that a good many manufacturers deem it inexpedient to put their prices in their cata-logues. One of these men within the writer's ex-perience purchased a machine for about $700, because, relying on an old catalogue, he believed he could not duplicate one of his old machines for less than $800, while, as a matter of fact, the maker of the old machine had reduced his prices, and would have sold him one for $600. This incident caused that manufacturer to discontinue the printing of prices of machine tools in his onto-Inn-no " rn 

    
" machinist " to think. For him not to think, is soon to become an unknown quantity, and in a very short time he will be found " help-ing " in the foundry, or a " roustabout" on the river. The experience I spoke of is only one of the many " schemes" devised by the writer, who claims to be no exception unless be that he is slower than his neighbor. 
• 
J" —,er, and babbitt boxes each 6" long, carried on top of a vertical slide, which is raised and lowered by means of a screw and hand-wheel shown _II, fr.,it. The cylinder is 5" square, cast on the shaft, and is provided with T slots on four sides, which admit -f changing the location of the knives to desired location. The length of the head is governed by the kind of work it is to be used for. It is compact, occupying but 3' X4' floor space. Manu-factured by the Garden City Fan Company, Chicago, Ill. 
groove 'ill tilt) ()eatsa the wood I i'"xl r 1,4, 1'1+('(+i \'(+ hemp, pia it, oil iny rod, screwed up the nut and had as good a head as any one wood want for a short time. 
Another piece of oak 1" thick did duty for a cylin-der-head, and was ready to " run " an hour before noon. Of course all hands were pleased when the engine moved off nicely and did its work well. But I reckon Mr. Owner must had some communication with Prof. Sweet, for his remarks proved it: " Pshaw ! we could have done that ourselves." HARRY HART. 
New Wood-Working Tools. 
The power mortising machine which we illustrate, has a frame cast in one piece. It is r .ed with two tables, one of which is and the other compo(md ; the work 
MACHINE F. 
 
The Theory of Gas Engines. 
EXTRACTS FROM A TREATISE ENTITLED, ' NOU-VELLES RECHERCHES SUR LES CONDITIONS PRACTIQUES DE PLUS GRANDE UTILISATION DE LA CHALEUR ET EN GENERAL DE LA FORCE MOTRICE," BY M. BEAU DE ROCHAS. 
When the tracing point is any ordinary When we examine what takes place in the point on the roller, the curve traced will be ai combustion chamber of a gas-fired boiler, we right angles*tO the pitch curve, but when it are struck with the enormous volume which is the pole of a spiral' it may cross at an gases raised to a high temperature attain. If angle. Fig. 22. tl4e combustion, , on the other hand, takes 
Although rolled onrves and odontoids -are N constantivolume, the dilation w;" identical, they cannot readily be consideredc`.-4 6v7r-' 1-s, an the same, .for the eycif)ia  - 
14, galtio41 at home, fled 414► rool dolidota smiying " I learned drawing by tho kitchoil II. 1,1.1.0 are a number of person Nvlio do sire to study let them club toget10 and start a drawing school of their own. Lot them ac-
quire a book treating upon the subject ; pro-vide themselves with a room where they can w6rk undisturbed, and begin the work at the beginning by learning to draw lines and curves ; to erect perpendiculars ; to lay off angles, and to construct squares, triangles, and polygons. Let them begin at the very beginning, and not try to " know a thing before they learn it.'! Become accustomed to handling the tool 

The only place to use silicon iron is in a mixture deficient in silicon. For machinery castings, which should con-tain about one and one-half per cent. of sili-bon, mottled and low grades of gray found-ry pig-iron may be used, and if more silicon is needed, a little No. 2 or No. 1 may be added, it being an easy matter to keep up the silicon, or very close gray, and even white pig-iron and burned scrap may be used, if the required percentage of silicon is restored by additions of No. 1 pig, or by silicon pig-iron. A difference of opinion exists as to the number of brands of pig-iron to be used at one time. It is impossible to run a blast furnace regularly. The silicon varies considerably in the pigs made from one cast, and a furnace is likely to go wrong at any time. It is impossible to refuse iron made at such times, if it were possible to determine when the iron was not such as was purchased. It is therefore best to use a variety of makes of pig-iron in makin3 up a mixture ; the greater the variety th02tter. Then any temporary variation in one or two of the irons will not materially influence the castings. It is sometimes claimed by the blast furnace manager that it is better for him to make a proper mixture of ores in the furnace, so as to produce exactly the iron desired, and sell the iron on a guaranteed analysis, and not trust to the foundry-man's judgment as to what a mixture should be. It would be a good idea for all furnace men to produce this kind of iron if they are able to do,so, but as their furnace may go back on 'item several times in a week, it is better to have several brands of such irons mixI together, for the reasons just given, If any variation should then occur to influence the castings, a s all addition of silicon pig will set all right t once. 
friction gearing, I had a good bit of experi-ence in dealing with both paper and wood friction gearing. At first the turning of the wheels was a very tedious and unsatisfactory process. Tools containing in one form or another the different ideas shown in your ast few issues by as many correspondents were tried, and found so glaringly inade-
not tell from your description, exactly how the device is made, but I inclose a sketch of a device which will evidently accomplish the same purpose as the one patented, viz., to continually resist the motion of the • rib-bon as it is wound upon the other spool. You say in regard to this, " But, of course, if it will continually resist motion more than 
his old machines for less than $800, while, as a matter of fact, the maker of the old machine had reduced his prices, and would have sold him one for $600. This incident caused that manufacturer to discontinue the printing of prices of machine tools in his catalogue, "making it necessary for all wise men [as one of my associates somewhat roughly expressed it] to take time and use a two-cent stamp to procure quotations, because fools would persist in using old catalogues." Another phase of this peculiarity is the failure to ascertain or bear in mind that you are making new lines of tools. Such a man will say to you, " I did not think that you made shapers, although, now you speak of it, I think I have heard so. At the time I bought my shaper I had you firmly fixed in my mind as a maker of planers. I am sorry I did not know you made shapers, for, while I have a good tool, I always liked your planers best in the market, and perhaps I would have had the same opinion of your shapers." But perhaps the most provoking mani-festation of the peculiarity of these sure-you-never-make any-change kind of men, is their belief that you never make any improvements in the articles you mauu-facture. They have used a tool for a good many years, and are convinced that that is your standard, and the first thing you know they will buy one of another make, because it has features which your old one did not have, while, as a matter of fact, these improvements were perhaps originated by you, and are embodied in your present machines. As I have intimated, these men in other respects are sensible, oftentimes being good mechanics and good manufacturers. The trouble is due chiefly to thoughtlessness or carelessness, and so I would urge your younger readers in particular to form the habit lof looking. over the entire field when they desire to be posted, or to make pur-chases. I beg that they may not compare an old catalogue of one maker with the new one of another, or, under similar circum-stances, an old tool with a new one. All 

Tice Truing Machine. 
When tires are carriage or wago apt, especially whe 
runk on to the felloes of wheels, they are very the work s done hasti-

TIRE TRUING MACHINE. 
quate that a little extra mental steam was put on and a tool evol ved which was a thing of beauty and a joy to the turner. A glance at the accompanying sketch will show the tool referred to. A represents the butt end of a common lathe tool with a hole drilled in say 1f" longitudinally. indicates the cutting tool, which consists of a button of about 1" diameter, having a nicely turned shank fitted to occupy and re-
that due to its friction, it would produce motion in the opposite direction, and it is nothing more than a perpetual motion de-vice, pure and simple." There are dozens of ways of effecting a resistance to continued movement in one di-rection by means of weights, none of which will make more than one-half revolution in an opposite direction if left to themselves. The inclosed sketch represents one of them, 

 

pg-7  AMERICAN-MACHINIST-June 16 1892   page 7    AMERICAN MACHINIST
 

PUBLISHED WEEKLY 
BY American Machinist Publishing Co. 
HORACE B. MILLER, Pres't. JACKSON BAILEY, Vice-Pres't. LYCURGITS B. IVIooRE, Treas. and Sec'y. 96 Fulton Street, New York. 
JACKSON BAILEY, HORACE B. MILLER, Editor. 
Business Manager. 
F. F. HEMENWAY, Mechanical Engineer. 
The American News Company, Publishers' Agents, New York. The International News Company, 11 BOUVERIE STREET, Fleet Street, LONDON, ENG., will receive subscriptions for the AMERICAN MACHIN-IST, at 14/7 per annum, postage paid. 
DEALERS SUPPLIED BY The American News Company, New York. The American News Company, Denver, Col. The American News Company, Kansas City, Mo. The American News Company, Omaha, Neb. The American News Company, St. Paul, Minn. The New York News Company, New York. The National News Company, New York. The New England News Company, Boston, Mass. The Central News Company, Philadelphia, Pa. The Western News Company, Chicago, Ill. The St. Louis News Company, St. Louis, Mo. The Cincinnati News Company,Cincinnati, Ohio. The Detroit News Company, Detroit, Mich. The Pittsburgh News Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. The Baltimore News Company, Baltimore, Md. The Rhode Island News Company. Providence, R.I. The San Francisco News Co., San Francisco, Cal. The Brooklyn News Company, Brooklyn, N. Y. The Williamsburg News Co., Brooklyn, E. D., N. Y. The Newark News Company, Newark, N. J. The Northern News Company, Troy, N. Y. The Albany News Company, Albany, N. Y. The Washington News Company,Washington, D. C. The New Orleans News Company, New Orleans, La. The Montreal News Company, Montreal, Canada. 'rho Toronto News Co., Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The Toronto News Co., Clifton Branch, Clifton, On-tario, Canada. 
SUBSCRIPTION. $2.50 a year in advance, postage prepaid in the United States and Canada. $8.50 a year to Foreign Countries, postage prepaid. ADVERTISING. Transient, 35c. per line, each insertion. "Business Specials," 50c. a lino. 

 we wilt neither publish anythinil Ia_AM  ER' CA_1

 
One Way to Improve Steam-engine Economy. 
Improvement in the steam-engine for the past fifty years has consisted mainly in put-ting into practice what was already known to be desirable. In this, as in most other affairs, it was found to be one thing to know what was desirable, and another thing to ac-complish it. Better plans of construction have rendered the use of high steam-pressure and high piston-speed more common, and these, with better workmanship and careful attention to details, have brought about better economy. Considered as a machine, recent improvements in the steam-engine have been important. Undoubtedly there is room for further improvements in these directions—there is no such thing as standing still—but the ground has been so well covered that nothing radical is to be expected, except it come from the establishment of new and important facts in the science of steam engi-neering, and from a direction not now very obvious. Improvements in tools and ma-chinery for doing good work cheaply have had much to do with improving the construc-tion of the steam-engine, not only by affording the means for doing so, but frequently by pointing out the direction for improvement. Aside from this, the introduction of better instruments for, and better methods of, meas-uring effect has been important. But steam engineering embraces not only the designing and construction of steam-engines and boilers, but their management, as well, and here there is room for general pro-gress in the direction of better economy. If not a new field, it is one that has not been as extensively cultivated as it ought to be. Users of steam-engines are, owing to long and persistent effort, fairly well educated in the economy of paying for good design and construction ; but they do not to the same ex-tent appreciate the value of good manage-ment. Sometimes they are, so it seems, of the opinion that there is not much in the way of economy in the every-day management of a steam plant, except what is comprised in stopping and starting, and in keeping up the motion for the required number of hours ; their interest ceases after hiring an engineer just eom potent f(?r this duty, or employing a , a‘tont etigInewr who finds no (.0 OpiTIL 
• [MARCH 20, 18s6 
probable that in many instances they would find something startling in the difference. Further investigation would sometimes re-veal incompetence in the engine-room ; but, perhaps, oftener the cause would be found in their own refusal to second the efforts of a competent engineer. Either would be about equally fatal to good economy. Not that the every-day economy of a motive plant is likely to equal that of a closely conducted test of the same engines and boilers, but the latter shows the possibility that may be closely ap-proximated. To insure that the best at-tainable results are being obtained, it is abso-lutely essential that comparisons be readily made. This has been provided for by modern science and common sense, and to fail to make use of what is thus provided is to put to one side one of the best known means of securing economy. When, as is often the case, the results of actual practice are about fifty per cent. those of a fairly conducted test there is good reason to look for some-thing wrong. But means of easily making comparisons must be provided if any advan-tage is to be taken of the experience of others. Economy in motive power is made up of small things, and observations must be specific as well as general. When the operation of the motive plant gets outrageously bad, an expert is called in to straighten matters out. But this is not until after a good deal of waste. When it is done, the cost of discovering the trouble, to say nothing of the cost of the remedy, is likely to be more than that of previously supplying the engineer with such things as he required, and by reasonable encouragement making an ex-pert of him, ready to suggest preventives in-stead of costly remedies. The interests of manufacturers call for economical motive power, and a very apparent direction for improvement in this respect is through the engine-room. We hear a great deal of the need of skilled workmen in other branches, and but little of the need of skilled engineers, yet economy in manufacture must begin in the engine-room. Engineers must to a greater extent than most other workmen educate themselves ; they ought to be afforded every reasonable opportunity for doing so. Not out of any sentiment, but because it is policy to do so. Whenever this is (lone we hiLvo novor heard vomidailit that It did 
Territorial Limits of Natural Gas. 
Among later developments of the natural gas boom are published statements that " pay-ing " wells have been discovered, and are being " worked " in a number of towns as far removed from the original centers of pro-duction as Central and Northwestern Ohio. We believe, also, that equally confident claims are made for some Southern towns. If the published statements of the new " finds " are well based, it would seem that the territorial limits of the natural gas " fields " are not yet very well defined, or with present knowledge of the subject capable of very close defini-tion. 
A New Railroad Brake. 
It is not often that a really great invention is born of what a lawyer would call " malice aforethought." A Virginia inventor is living proof that such an exception may occur. In a local paper he publishes an advertisement highly laudatory of an automatic railroad brake, which he has " discovered " and pat-ented, but omits to publish any explanation of its construction or the principle on which it acts. In the published card, he says he was standing at the " station " as a freight train went by, and noticed that the brakeman tried to stop the train, but found some difficulty in doing so immediately. The future inventor thereupon remarked to some gentlemen present that he proposed to get up an automatic brake, which would stop the train without " all that trouble." He now announces that, after four years of hard study and almost sleepless nights, he has accomplished his object, and closes by ex-pressing his hope that railroad managers will examine his " patent right " at once, that they may " relieve the poor, worn-out, rest-broken and frozen brakemen;" his " greatest desire " being to see them released from their exposure and sufferings. His next greatest is not stated, but it is to be hoped that rail-road managers will be willing to gratify it, if it is shown to their mechanical satisfaction that our Virginia friend's claim for his inven-tion are as well based 1LH w„ think, however, Hint. toast, riiilr11a1l mitiingorti 

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pg-10  AMERICAN-MACHINIST-Oct 3 1887  AMERICAN MACHINIST 

AMERICAN MACHINIST NEW TANGYEJ BUCKEYE AUTOMATIC1 CUT-OFF ENGINES In Use, Over 1,000. 25 to 1,000 H. P. These engines are the combined result of long ex-perience with automatic cut-off regulation, and most careful revision of all details. They are designed and constructed for heavy and continuous duty at medium or high rotative speeds. Highest attainable Economy in Steam Consumption and superior regulation guar-' anteed. Self-contained Automatic Cut-off Engines --- 12 to 109 H. P. for driving Dynamo Machines a specialty. Illustrated Circulars, with various data as to practical Steam Engine construction and performance, free by ----- mail- Address, BUCKEYE ENGINE CO., Salem, Ohio. SALES AGENTS • W. L. SIMPSON, 138107,ffinTBRUBIgilGi. lilt.aViiilstr8700111,trrglittioiln tiJnac4sonfits., Chicago, Ill.• KENSINGTON ENGINE WORKS, LIMITED, PHILADELPHIA. 4 Sole ensues and for Itew-hrseir(South orTienton):Easteiii:PennsiliinirDelaiire, Marylanifanc"-rfilli—nia. E ALBANY STEAM TRAP CO.'S BUCKET AND GRAVITATING TRAPS_ Automatically drain the water of condensation from HEATING COILS and return it to the boilers, whether the coils are above or below the water level in boiler, doing away with pumps and other mechanical devices for such purposes. Send also for Circulars of Blessing's Renewable-Seat Stop and ('heck Valves, Pump Governors, and Water Circulator and Purifier. Albany Steam Trap Co. A,41.31(7 MANUFACTURERS OF x STEAM ENGINES PULL vaati..11' Sizes Varying from 30 to 20:0 Horse Power. Horizontal or Vertical, Direct Acting or Beam, Condensing,Non-Condensing or Compound. Send for Circular. TIANTS SLED. evsralic Gravitating. "OTTO" GAS ENGINE WORKS SCHLEICHER, SCHUMM & CO., 33d and Walnut Sts. GINE TUBULAR BOILERS. GEO•R•BARNARD • AGENT - Branch Office, 130 Washington St. PHILADELPHIA. CHICAGO. OVER 25,000 ENGINES IN USE. "GUARANTEED Erigine doing Eclipse Corliss Engine. Non-Condensing, Condensing, Compound, 40 TO 1,000 H.P. Send for Circulars. E.P, HAMPSON & CO 36 CORTLANDT ST., NEW YORK, Sole Eastern Agents. M. J. TIERNEY, FRICK COMPANY, Builders, WAYNESBORO, PA. 20 NORTH CANAL A. GENUINE " COIRMISS." STREET, CHICAGO, WESTERN, AGENT. CRANK PLANERS Superior Design & Workmanship, Extra Heavy (1600 lbs.) PATENT UNIVERSAL SCREW-CUTTING CEBITER D. EPT4IKAIGalEC 46,_TWIST DRILL GAUGE. Fine Machinists' Tools.—E. Boston, Mass—Send for Oircular obertWhiteht11,4/47,3Gz-FN" Op MANU MPRoVFC X Y. P0- VALVE SAAGXAt. 0 _ 1111110,, ' STATIONARY BOILERS. 40 TO 1,000 H.P. Send for Circulars. E.P.HAMPSCN&CO 36 CORTLANDT ST., NEW YORK, Sole Eastern Agents, NOMIiiiii01111.. M. J. TIERNEY, 20 NORTH CANAL A. GENUINE " CORLISS." STREET, CHICAGO, WESTERN, AGENT. CRANK PLANERS Superior Design Workmanship, Extra Ileavy (1500 ibS.) DOWN, ANGULAR AND CROSS-FEED, TO PLANE 12x16x15. THE R. A. BELDEN CO., DANBURY, CT. Brain's Piston Ring Packing 7---* Perfectly balanced against un-due pressure in all directions. Preserves bothcylinder and rings. Allows no waste by either fric-tion or leakage. Call and see working model, expressly made to demonstrate advantage s claimed. For packing or shop rights, address JAMES BRANDON, 390 Eleventh Ave., New York. Machine Tools. New and Second-hand, on Hand. t2 in.x6 ft. Engine Lathe, new 13 in.x6 ft. 64 Ames, 14 in.x6 ft. Si Blaisdell, 66 16-20 m..x.6-8-10 4t 12 ft. Bridgeport TV' if 16 in.x6 Blaisdell, 18 in.x8 ft. " Blaisdell, 66 24 in.x10-14 dc 20ft. " Ames, fif 23 in. x,, -12 & 14 1-2 ft." Bridgeport, 66 24 in.x16 ft. New Haven, good order. 30 in.x14 ft. if W. and L. pattern, new. 39 in x 15 ft. Eng. Lathe Lowell, 54 in.x30 ft. Engine Lathe, Niles, good as new 16 in.x42 in. Planer Bridgeport, new. 22 in.x4 ft, 46 Pease, new. 22 in.x6 ft. 46 Powell, 22 in.x5 ft. g 6 Hendey, new. 26 in.x5 ft. ' Biglow, good. 26 in.x7 ft. Brettell, new. 30 in.x7 ft ii New Haven, fair. 30 in.x8 ft. " Hewes & Phillips, new. 30 in.x10 ft. 6 f Powell. 12 in. Shaper, Traveling Head, new. 1.2 in. ' Hewes & Phillips, 13 in. Stroke, 9 ft. Bed, Tray. Head Shaper, Barr, A 1. 24 in. Shaper, Bridgeport, 24 in. " Wolcott, 32 in. Drill, Bickford, A 1. No. 1 Screw Machine, Wire Feed, Pratt & Whitney 16-18-20-23 25-28-34 in. Drills. 30 in. Radial Drill. No. 5 Screw Machine. Jones & Lamson. No. 2 Die Sinker, Pratt & Whitney. new. Center Bolt Cutter, new. 5 in Cutting Off Machine. Star. Merrill Drops, 800 lbs. good order. Bement 2250 lb. Steam Hammer. Milling Machines, Screw Machines, Slate Sensitive Drills. Gang Drills, and full line of all kinds of Machine Tools. Send for list and specify what is wanted. new. E. P. 13TJ31_41...A.1113, 72 Warren Street and 62 .illege Place, New York. PATENT UNIVERSAL SCREW-CUTTING CENTER DEPTHKV1 ANGLEc AND J. „TWIST DRILL GAUGE. Fine Machinists' Tools.—E. Boston, Mass—Send for Circular To Buyers of Engine Lathes We are now making from entirely new designs, extra heavy 17", 19", 21", 24" and 27" Engine Lathes (the most popu-lar sizes), of which we are making a ripecialty, and manufacturing in lots 01 not legs thapt1100 at a time. We make no charge for extras. Every lathe is furnished with hollow spindle ; the 19" with lx" hole, and 21' with 17/6" hole. Every lathe has substantial com-pound rest,heavy tool post (bar steel), rest to turn full swing, following rest with adjustable jaws to take any size from 234' down, with extra tool for shafting. Full set of gears to cut from 2 to 18 threads including 113 pipe thread. Automatic stop on carriage. Separate screw and rod feed, and the most substantial and easily managed taper attachment made. Cones and gears of large diam-eter and wide belt. Studs, screws and small gears are steelor gunmetal. Webbed live heads, heavy tail stocks. No worm or worm gears, no weak reverse plate. Perfect lubrication for all running parts, including carriage. Lead screw inside of shear, double nut (cut from solid), and taking hold of car-riage directly under the line of strain. Friction counter-shaft, the most dura-ble made. Our prices are reasonable for cash, and from which no deviation will be made. Our written guarantee accompanies every lathe. GUARANTEE. We guarantee this lathe to be equal in workmanship, truth, accuracy, solidity, Material and finish, to the best made, and hold ourselves legally liable for this guarantee. LODGE, DAVIS & CO. MANUFACTURERS Machine Tools, 169, 161, 163 and 165 EGGLESTON AVE., 06. 138,146, 148, 150.152, 154 E. 6th St, CINCINNATI, OHIO. (See our advertisement on last page.) 0-9° SLIDE VALVE F...1A STATIONARY BOILERS, GENERAL MACHINERY, %ON A"I \\AG5 ND BRASS CP-- 0-1ORK Oppic Room 6, COAL AND /RON EXCHANGE, COELCORTLANDT &CHURCH ST. JOHN MCLARJEN, BUILDER OF STEARNS MTG. COMPANY, ERIE, PA-ENGINES from 15 to 400 Horse Power. Boilers of Steel and Iron supplied tho trade or the user. Send for Catch goes. SAW MILLS and GENERAL MACHINERY. Works at Eft fE, PA. New York Store, 40 Cortlandt Street, SMITH A BARNHURST, - - MANAGERS. NO BOILER. NO STEAM. NO DANGER. FUEL, CRUDE PETROLEUM One New Putnam Screw Cutting O$ Engine Lathe, 36" Swing, 15' KEROSENE. Bed. CORM Engines, AIR Compressors and BOILERS. 11013011.EN, N. J. HILL, CLARE & 156 to 164 Oliver St., BOSTON, MASS. W0BEING Manila ON HUD, Adams & Richards Machine Co. New Brunswick, N. J. as they must be moved before Jan. 1. One Second-Hand Putnam Screw Cutting Engine Lathe, 42" Swing, 14' Bed. Both these Lathes will be sold low,

Nine  AMERICAN-MACHINIST-June-16-1892    page 9 AMERICAN MACHINIST
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JUNE 16, 1892] AMERICAN MACHINIST 9 
(253) A. S. S., Wilkes-Barre, Pa., writes : Will you kindly explain in your Question and Answer columns, why some authorities give the formula for the deflection of an I beam loaded at the center: D = 36TVla E 
and others give 
D — W 13  48 E 
in which D = deflection in inches ; W = load in pounds ; 1 = span in feet ; E =- modulus of elasticity; and I moment of in-ertia of section B D' — 2 b da ; see sketch. 
12 A.—In the first formula the length 1 is taken in feet ; in the second formula the same 

4 
length is taken in inches. In finding the moment of inertia, the dimensions of the section are taken in inehes for both formulas. Under these conditions the same result will be obtained with either formula. 
(254) C. E. K , Watertown, N. Y., writes : Inclosed please find sketch of a lever with a bearing on each side. Kindly give formulas for designing a lever of this kind when the force applied at one end is given. I have several good books, but they do not give full directions for laying out a lever of this kind. I think full directions for designing such would be appreciated by the mechanics who read your Question mod Answer columns. The length of the lever, position of fulcrum is given, and the force applied at one end, and that transmitted at the other is also given in the sketch. What is wanted is how to de-termine all the dimensions of the lever, size of pins, and the shearing stress on them. I am aware that the above request will require considerable of your valuable time and space in your columns, but I feel sure that others beside myself will thank you for publishing such useful information. A.—For simplicity, we will assume that the lever is perfectly plain, that is, without hubs or holes; this re-duces the lever to a simple beam supported t lu ends with at concentrated load between the supports. We further simplify the sub-.. I... it— it ldivot. 

when b is known. The ratio between the depth and breadth is arbitrary; let us decide to make b = I inch, then, according to form-ula (3), we have 2.600 X 24 = 2,000 x.75 x d2 62,400 = 1,500 X d2 hence 62,400  _ d2 = 41.6. 1,500 The square root of 41.6 is 6.44, say 61 inches, for the depth d of lever at the section through x y. The depth at the end of the lever should be equal to one-half of the depth, at x y; hence at the end the lever will be 31 inches deep, and the same depth will be required at the opposite end. The shearing stress on the pin N is equal to the sum of the forces acting at the ends of the lever plus its weight, the lat-ter we shall neglect; hence we have 2,600 + 10,400 = 13,000 pounds for the shearing stress on two sections of the pin; therefore one section will have to resist 6,500 pounds. For safety we may allow a shearing stress of 10,000 pounds per square inch; this gives us  6,500 10,000 = .65 square inches for cross section of the pin, the corresponding diameter is la inch nearly. But generally in practice we have to increase this diameter so as to reduce the wear in the bearings, or prevent heating. In many cases we should not have a greater pi ess-e than 1,500 pounds per square inch of pro-jected area; frequently this pressure has to be less; let us, however, assume that the pressure must not exceed 1,500 pounds, and that the diameter of the pin and the length a of the bearing are to be equal to each other. The total pressure on the end or journal _N of the pin we have found to be 6,500 pounds; hence its projected area (which is equal to, the length a multiplied by the diameter) is 500 equal to 6,= 4.33 square inches; now 1,500 since the length a is to be equal to the diam-eter, we have A/ 4.33 = 2.08, say 2 inches for the diameter of the pin ; but drilling a 2-inch hole through the lever will weaken it to some extent; this loss of strength must be made up by the hub; we have therefore now to find the breadth B of the hub. To find this breadth we again apply formula (1), but now we have to deal with a cross-section at x y like that shown in Fig. 2. The moment of inertia 1 of a cross-section of this form is b' (118 — A'), and the y alue of c in formula 12 (1) is now H; hence formula (1) takes the following form : W X 1= SXBX (H3 — h3); (4) 12 X H adopting again a value 12,000 for S formula (4) reduces to 

 qvm_we have 2'600 = 1.73 square inches for the 1,500 projected area, and t/1.73 = 1.31 inches for the diameter of the pin and width of hub. At the other end of the lever we have a force of 10,400 pounds acting upon it, and if the pin in this end is also loose, and the pressure per square inch is not to exceed 1 500 pounds, 10,400 then we have 10,= 6.93 square inches 1,500 for the projected area of the pin in the hub; if the breadth of the latter is to be 4 inches, then the diameter of the pin will have to be 6.93   = 1.73 inches. 4 _  

line. In Fig. 1, take any point m on f h, and through it draw a line m p parallel to a, 0, cutting the resultant in the point p ; through p draw a line p a parallel to d1 0, cutting g i in the point v. Join m and n by a straight line. Through 0, in Fig. 3, draw 0 e parallel to m 7 cutting a, d1 in the point e; then a1 e will represent the magnitude of the reaction f h, and e d1 will represent the magnitude of the reaction g i. The construc-tion of Figs. 2 and 4 is similar to that of Figs. 1 and 3; the position of the letters is such as to make the foregoing explanation applicable in this case. The result of the construction is that b3 d2 drawn through the point 1, parallel to b1 d1, and both equal in length, gives the required resultant; f h parallel and equal in length to e b1 gives the reaction of the left support; and ,q i, parallel and equal in length to e d, , gives the reaction of the right support. Of course it is assumed that all the forces act in each construction in one plane. Transmit Advertisements 50 cents a line for each insertion under this head. About seven words make a line. Copy should be sent to reach us not later than Saturday morning for the eneuing week's UM. 
Grant Gear Wheels, Gear Cutting, page 20. Shafting Straighteners. J. II. Wells, Tampa, Fla. Ideal Drawing Stands. M. C. Hammett, Troy, N.Y. Forming Lathes, Mer. Mach.Tool Co., Meriden, Ct. A. D. Pentz, Consulting. Tools. Etizabeth, N. J. Tool Holder: Armstrong Bros. Tool Co., Chicago. See Randall's new Adv., page 11. "Bradley's Power Hammers. the best in the world." 20 sizes. Bradley & Co., Syracuse, N. Y. The Improved Justice Hammer. Williams, White & Co., Moline, Ill., manufacturers. Pattern and Brand Letters. A variety of sizes and styles. Heber Wells, 8 Spruce St., New York. Davis Key-Seating Machines kept In stock by Manning, Maxwell ,St Moore, 1l1 Liberty St., N. Y. Selden Packing for stuffing box, with or without rubber core. Ranaolph Brandt, 38 Cortlandt St., N.Y. S. A. Smith 23 S Canal St., Chicago, Ill., is agent for Holbrook's new loaded rawhide mallets. "Boiler Tests lay Balms." Get sample pages from Gowing & Co., Mason Building, Boston, Mass. Guild & Garrison. Brooklyn, N. Y., manufacture steam pumps, vacuum pumps, vacuum apparatus, air pumps, acid blowers, filter press pumps, etc. For the Latest Improved Diamond Prospecting Drill, address the M. C. Bullock Mfr. Co., cor. Canal and Washington Sts., Chicago, Ill. S. W. Card & Co., Mansfield, Mass., are putting on the market a new line of stocks and dies. with their patent adjustab,e dies and guide. S. A. Smith, 23 S. Canal Street, Chicago, Ll., Western Agent. { 25" " Only Drill Press built on 32" ' Ko-rekt ' principles, 37" Even if they come from Jersey." 42'' Gould & Eberhardt, New Ark. N. J. --------

ment, the BROWN & SHARPE M'F.G. Co. has made many new varieties of Milling Cutters, and in order to supply the wants of customers, has found it necessary to greatly increase the number carried in stock. The Involute Gear Cutters in stock are from 3 to 48 pitch, 8 cutters to each pitch The Epicycloidal are from 2 to 10 pitch, 24 to e ac

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Pg-11  AMERICAN-MACHINIST-Oct 3 1886 page 11 AMERICAN MACHINIST

AMERICAN MACHINIST DECEMBER 31, 1887 I3B ROWN AND SHARP MANUFACTURING_Call.MING PROVIDENCE, R. I., U. S. A. FINE MACHINERY, TOOLS OF PRECISION. THE PRATT & WHITNEY CO., Manufacture LATHES of Various Sizes AND OF THE FOLLOWING RINDS Hand, Engine for Turning and Screw Cutting, Cutting 011, Gap Bed, Pulley Turning and Boring, Turret-Head Engine and Chucking, Hand Wheel, him Turning, Spinning, Grinding, Pattern Making, &c. re- PRICE LIST AND DISCOUNT SHEET SENT UPON APPLICATION. INVOLUTE GEAR CUTTER. SIDE MILLING CUTTER. FORMED CUTThil Coincident with the rapid and wide extension of the use of Milling Machines, has come an increased demand for Milling Cutters. Without good cutters, the efficiency of Milling Machines is much abridged. In extending the product of its Milling Department, the BROWN & SHARPE M'F.G. Co. has made many new varieties of Milling Cutters, and in order to supply the wants of customers, has found it necessary to greatly increase the number carried in stock. The Involute Gear Cutters in stock are from 3 to 48 pitch, 8 cutters to each pitch The Epicycloidal are from 2 to 10 pitch, 24 to each pitch. The nirves of gear cutters are obtained by machinery. Side h Cutters, from 3 1-2" to 8' diameter, are carried in stock On work having parallel surfaces, these cutters may be used in pairs Formed Cutters, for cutting various outlines, are made to order. These, as also th3 Gear Cutters, can be sharpened without changing their original form- a feature appreciated by those producing work, in duplicate. By.making cutters in large numbers, with expensive special tools, much greater accuracy has been attained than can be reached by the usual methods of manufacture. Users of cutters will generally find it more economical and satisfactory to purchase from experienced makers, rather than to attempt to manufacture for themselves. Catalogues mailed on application. All kinds of cutters made to order. SPECIAL PTLICY MACHINERY 36, 50 & 60 in. Swing. THE BILLINGS 86 SPENCER COMPANY, HARTFORD. CONN., MANUFACTURERS OF Billings' Improved Combination Pliers, Drop Forged from Tool Steel. DROPFORCINCS' Copnpleort,olrrsoannodrateneel,a-TorrsE'lectric Guns, Pistols, Sewing Machines, MACHINISTS' TOOLS AND Machinery Generally. Send for Illustrated Catalogue. WARNER & SWASEY, "MAN' moms NILES TOOL WORKS, Hamilton, 0. Chicago, March 19th, 1883. Gentlemen :—We have been using continuously for the past two years the FIFTY-INCH PULLEY MACHINES purchased of you, and they have not cost us a cent in the way of re pairs. We have turned out as high as 19 pulleys ranging from) to 28 inches in diameter and from 6 to 8 inches lace in 10 hours. Have turned 8 pulleys 48"x 8 inches in 10 hours. The manufacture of pulleys comprises quite a large part of our business, and we looked over the field considerably before purchasing of you, and this, with two years' experience, enables us to say we think them THE BEST PULLEY MACHINES in the market. W. McCRECOR & CO Very truly yours, For IRON and BRASS WORK. Illustrated Catalogue on application.