8 
AMERICAN MACHINIST 
LMAY 8 1886 

PUBLISHED WEEKLY 
BY American Machinist Publishing Co. 
HORACE B. MILLER, Pres't. JACKSON BAILEY, Vice-Pres't. LYCURGUS B. MOORE, Treas. and Sec'y. 96 Fulton Street, New York. 
JACKSON BAILEY, HORACE B. MILLER, Editor. Business Manager. 
F. F. HEMENWAY, Mechanical Engineer. 
The American News Company, Publishers' Agents, New York. The International News Company, 11 BOUVERIE STREET, Fleet Street, LONDON, ENG., will receive subscriptions for the AMERICAN MACHIN-IST, at 14/7 per annum, postage paid. 
DEALERS SUPPLIED BY The Albany News Company, Albany, N. Y. The American News Company, New York, N. Y. The Baltimore News Company, Baltimore, Md. The Brooklyn News Company, Brooklyn, N. Y. The Central News Company, Philadelphia, Pa. The Cincinnati News Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. The Cleveland News Company, Cleveland, Ohio. The Colorado News Company, Denver, Colorado. The Detroit News Company, Detroit, Mich. The International News Company, New York, N. Y. The Minnesota News Company, St. Paul, Minn. The Montreal News Company, Montreal, Canada. The National News Company, New York, N. Y. The Newark News Company, Newark, N. J. The New England News Company, Boston, Mass. The New Orleans News Company, New Orleans, La. The New York News Company, New York, N. Y. The Northern News Company, Troy, N. Y. The Omaha News Company, Omaha, Neb. The Pittsburgh News Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. The Rhode Island News Company, Providence, R. I. The San Francisco News Co., San Francisco, Cal. The South West News Company, Kansas City, Mo. The St. Louis News Company, St. Louis, Mo. The Toronto News Co., Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The Toronto News Co., Clifton, Ontario, Canada. The Union News Company, New York, N. Y. The Washington News Company, Washington, D. C. The Western News Company, Chicago, Ill. The Williamsburgh News Co., Brooklyn, E. D., N. Y. 
SUBSCRIPTI $2.50 a year in advance, postage prepaid in the United States and Canada. $3.50 a year to Foreign Countries, postage prepaid. 
A 1)17 KIITISI °I'nuitiloitt,,Brw. pm. IIie (Inch Itirtm.1,1011. "littrtinotir4 S111+cI1414," r►h.. rt. Iltio. 
E/1/11()i1/.1 /, I \ N,,l' \ 
...•••••• • • 
Settling the Eight-hour Problem in a Machine Works. 
The eight-hour plan for shops, mills and factories has been talked about for many years. It presents no new features. The same arguments for and against eight hours as the limit of a day's labor applied ten or twenty years ago that apply to-day, except that improved mechanical processes enable workmen to produce more in a given time than they formerly could do. Efforts to bring about an eight-hour rule in manufac-tories seem to have been put forth in certain spots this spring, but no general movement in that direction is discoverable. Clearly, it could not be expected that a few establish-ments could run on eight-hours' limit, while their competitors were running ten hours. About the first of April the employes of the extensive machine works of E. P. Allis & Co., of Milwaukee, which is a representative estab-lishment, and the largest of its kind in the West, petitioned the firm that they should be permitted to work eight hours a day from May 1 for the same wages as heretofore paid for ten hours. Mr. Allis, whose special efforts in behalf of working men are known not only in his own city and State, but throughout the whole country, immediately prepared a circular addressed " to all my em-ployes," and had it printed and distributed. In it he reviews the reasons why the petition could not be granted, and does so without the least touch of imperiousness. The following extract from the circular will indicate the excellent way in which the question was dis-cussed : 
The rate of wages now paid in our works, so far as we are advised, fully equals, at least. the average of our competitors, and we shall always keep in that position, and to pay ma-terially more is a business impossibility. If I have made myself clear in this communica-tion it is that I am ready to adopt the eight-hour rule, either now or at any other time that it is desired by our employes, supple-menting the individual shortening of hours by the employment of another set of men and running sixteen hours whenever the state of trade would permit. On the subject of wages, I am compelled to decline your request for a fixed and general advance until there comes some change, now unforeseen, in the state of our trade to war-rant it. and when that comes it will be reit(Iily gritillod. It is duo to yoursolvem and to my ►el f, how,,v(ir, 10 14sty I hat, there arcs sun, minor 1,11111401H 111141 WI J11411101101 Of wages 
It has long been a subject of consideration with me in what way I could join with you in the ownership of property, and avoid the dis-asters that have seemed to follow many at-tempts at co-operation. The formation of our Allis Mutual Aid Society, two or three years ago, wherein employer and employe con-tribute equally to a fund for temporary aid, was a first step in this direction. Its success and benefit is now an assured fact. Without interfering with that Aid Society—which is only a voluntary association for temporary aid the time would seem to have come when we c, lld form a legal association for perma-nent investments with every prospect of suc-cess. During the last year I have formulated a plan for an " Allis Investment Association," in which we can also be equally interested, the details of which have been several times revised and re-written to meet suggestions by a committee of your number, and by our attorneys to ensure their legal status, and which details may be further revised in the future if found to be necessary. The sub-stance of the plan—which is all that is neces-sary here—is this : A written contract is en tered into between myself and each employe joining the association, wherein the employe agrees that a certain percentage—five per cent., more or less, as may be agreed—of his wages shall go to this investment fund, and I agree with him to invest precisely the same amount in the same fund at the same time, thus making the aggregate fund belong equally to employer and employes. This fund is to be managed by a board of directors from our works, chosen equally by yourselves and by myself, of which board I am a perma-nent member and president. In this way we have a fund in which we are equal owners, and equally responsible in its management, and secure the best judgment and greatest ability we jointly possess for the purpose. This fund, if the plan meets your approval and general adoption, is likely to be a large one in time, and its investment and use is left to the judgment of the board, and whether it is used in providing homes for members, in real estate investments, in interest-bearing securities, or in industrial works to be oper-ated in common, will be governed by the cur-rent of events, and in either case is practical co-operation. It would be extraordinary and unnatural for workmen dealt with in such a fair and open manner, with so much regard for their own welfare, to cause a strike or a lock-out. It is therefore nothing remarkable, in view of these two communications, that a meeting of employes was held April 13th, and' the ques-tions of wages and hours of labor satisfac-torily settled by the following resolution, which was signed by a eoninlittee of etil ployen 111111 by Mr. Allis and Su►erintendt.nt rtiwitt ititymihtmt 
part of the iron before it can be transmitted to the hulk of the bolt consequently a heavy 1low, drives the bolt before it and has very 1 le of the riveting effect. A heavy blow delivered upon a rivet will, by the same reasoning, cripple without upsetting it to an appreciable extent. 
Salesmen as Engineers. We have a letter from a correspondent complaining that by the representations and advice of a salesman from whom he bought an engine and boilers he has been induced to adopt an injudicious and expensive ar-rangement. He thinks salesmen who, acting as engineers, give bad advice, f h _mild be ex-posed. Our observations in this respect are that no reputable house will knowingly employ sales-men who purposely do this, and that as a rule they are in the habit of giving good advice according to the light they have. They cannot, in their own interest, afford to do otherwise. But it is a question that a buyer may well ask himself, how far he should be guided by the opinions of the man of whom he buys. And this is without reference to any question of honest intention, and, to a great extent, without reference to ability. It is hardly to be expected that a salesman can give the time necessary to a proper investiga-tion of all the points at issue, especially as after spending a good deal of time in investi-gating, some other party may make the sale. If then he were to render a bill for engineer-ing services, he would ruin his prospects as a salesman, and probably fail to get pay for his services besides. If after investigating and advising he makes a sale, it is supposed to be a fair business transaction, without margin for services. purely of an engineering charac-ter. If a salesman's hasty •judgment is taken as conclusive, we do not see but the conse-quences ought to be good-naturedly abided. by. Of course, this does not cover misrep-resentation of what he sells, but matters of judgment as to amount of power, its distribu-tion and arrangement. Transactions of such a character as provid-ing and arranging motive power are more satisfactory to both parties when they are be-tween tinme w110 equally understand such matters; If rc►aser for his part does not understand them, it is better that he *******************************************************************

•110 'I °rola() news VU., ,1111A/II, t ttilit41n. The Union News Company,`Now York, N. Y. The Washington News Company, Wasilingten, I). . The Western News Company, Chicago, III. The Williamsburgh News Co., Brooklyn, E. 1)., N. Y. 
SUBSCRIPTION. $2.50 a year in advance, postage prepaid in the United States and Canada. $3.50 a year to Foreign Countries, postage prepaid. AD VERTISING. Transient, 35c. per line, each insertion. "Business Specials," 50c. a line. EDITORIAL ANNOUNCEMENTS. NV-Positively we will neither publish anything in our reading columns for pay or in consideration of advertising patronage. Those who wish to recommend their wares to our readers can do so as fully as they choose in our advertising columns, but our editorial opinions are not for sale. We give no premiums to secure either subscribers or advertisers. Gr-V- Every correspondent, in order to insure atten-tion, should give his full name and address, not for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. OM° We are not engaged in procuring patent rights, or in selling machinery, nor have we any pet scheme to advance, or hobby to ride. Mr' We invite correspondence from practical ma-chinists, engineers, inventors, draftsmen, and all those specially interested in the occupations we represent, on subjects pertaining to machinery. Nr" Subscribers can have the mailing address of their paper changed as often as they desire. Send both old and new addresses. Those who fail to receive their papers promptly will please notify us at once. 
NEW YORK, MAY 8, 1886. 
CONTENTS. 
Wheel and Pinion Cutting Engine Boring Fixture for Engine Lathes  Cultivation and Preparation of Sisal Hemp in Yucatan  Employers and Workmen  Slotting Tool—Handy Locomotive Kinks. By J  J. Bingley  Hydrostatic Pipe Making—ElectricCable Armor Rats. By Robert E Masters  Making Elbows, Bends and Branch Pipes in Loam. By S. Bolland  Railroad Shop Notes  Electricity for Practical Mechanics  How to Build a Railroad  Equipment of a Manual Training School   Horton's Embossing Press " And from All Crabbedness."  Steam Engines in the Pension Building  The Wrong Place to Economize  Putting a Foundry in the Second Story   Parallel for Machine Shop Use   Letters from Practical Men—Machine Shop Cost and Time Accounts. By C. A. Burton—Boring Deep Holes. By A. B. Landis—Driving Ven-tilating Fan. By E. Mansell.  A Business Weather Bureau  :Making Gear Patterns.—By F. W. Barrows  Auxiliary Steam Power in Sailing Vessels  Compound Engines for Stationary or Factory Purposes  -*fling the Eight Hour Problem in a Machine  he is al   , 9,s Engineers  ti3Orkmen for Inventions. is jars.     
PAGE   1 1 

 10 adopt, tlitt eight hour rule, either now or 0,1, !Lily other time that, it, is desired 1►y our employes, stipple molding the individual shortening Of hours by the employment of another set of men and running sixteen hours whenever the state of trade would permit. On the subject of wages, I am compelled to decline your request for a fixed and general advance until there comes some change, now unforeseen, in the state of our trade to war-rant it, and when that comes it will be readily granted. It is due to yourselves and to my-self, however, to say that there are some minor changes and adjustments of wages which are contemplated, especially with the lower priced, or common laborers, whose pay we think is proportionally less than others, and to whom a small advance will be made when the pending questions are settled. Should your request be imperative at this time, it could have but one result in the present state of the trade, and that would be the early closing of our works, for they can-not be run at the loss such advance would en-tail, and I shall enter into no contest with you. Should there be any feeling on your part that this advance should be made, irre-spective of the general condition of the trade and country, it would be well for you to be seeking other places and occupations, for our works would be certainly closed as soon as the few existing and low-priced contracts could be completed, until the times and con-ditions would justify their re-opening. Having said thus much upon the subject of your petition, I will ask your indulgence for a few general remarks, for the times are critical. It is not unknown to you that my sympathies are with the laboring classes, and I have for many years been conscientiously identified with what seemed to me, and still seems, the true movement for their permanent benefit. Labor has many wrongs to be righted, but the existing state of things is the growth of centuries, and its wrongs cannot be righted in a day or a year, and if no more rapid progress could be legitimately and peaceably made, we might be satisfied if each generation should be an adNance over the pre-ceding one. To attempt to hasten the time by violence or injustice, or disregard of natural law, is to approve eimilar methods in others, and its end vain, and its re-action sure and disastrous. In our republican form of government calm deliberation and the legal ballot is a greater power than hasty action and violence, and the combined intelligent influence and vote of the labor of the country would. rule its destiny, and it is that patient waiting and in-telligent influence and vote that is its hope and safety. 
A few days later Mr. Allis issued another circular to 17= employes, proposing a very practicaloint and keep-i_opented plan r an F 9 invest►   May plto. 
'16 

co operal It, would Is extraotdinui y and iiiiiiatntal fur workmen &nit with hi much a Nir and upon manner, with NO 1111101 regard rmr their own welfare, to cause a strike or 1L lock-out. It is therefore nothing remarkable, in view of these two communications, that a meeting of employes was held April 13th, and' the ques-tions of wages and hours of labor satisfac-torily settled by the following resolution, which was signed by a committee of em-ployes and by Mr. Allis and Superintendent Edwin Reynolds: Resolved, That it is the sense of this com-mittee, duly appointed by a meeting of the employes of Edw. P. Allis & Co. to settle the question of wages and hours of labor, that the best interest of the Reliance Works, both for employes and for employer, is to accept the adjustment of wages outlined by Mr. Allis, viz.: a small advance to the common laborer and an equalization to some few men who, in the opinion of our Superintendent, Mr. Reynolds, are not now paid proportion-ally to others, and also that we continue until the 1st of November upon the ten-hour plan, unless the eight-hour plan shall be earlier generally adopted, with the option at that time of adopting the eight-hour plan and eight-hour pay at the rate of wages then pre-vailing, and that we shall continue under this arrangement till at least the 1st of May, 1887, with the assurance in the meantime that the rate of wages paid us shall be equal to that paid by other establishments of the same kind and competitors of these works, and we hereby adopt the above plan for the employes of these works as a settlement of the ques-tion. We commend this logical plan of settling differences in industrial establishments to both employers and employed in every part of the country where differences are expected. It is better to discuss the whole situation freely—workmen on one hand and employers on the other—before any rupture is threatened. Then, in ninety-nine cases in a hundred, a mutually satisfactory understanding can be reached and labor troubles prevented. The starting of an investment fund is no necessary part of a settlement of the wages and hours of labor question, but in the case above noted it shows the willingness of the proprietor to aid in the advancement of all his employes. 
When driving out bolts with,-,--4 
for the thread, strike can, with the Light bit) s -tile bo't, 

you .ble. kn!rivet 514411 
n 3116n1.) I,''' '111.111 IM HIRAM 115 1.1►111,111►iiV1,, WO (10 1101, 1.1(41 l,llt, 1,110 cense-.111,,n►es ought to 101 good-naturedly abided by. or coarse, t his I l )OH not cover misrep-..,..milation of what, ho sells, but matters of judgment its to amount of power, its distribu-tion and arrangement. Transactions of such a character as provid-ing and arranging motive power are more satisfactory to both parties when they are be-tween those who equally understand such matters. If the purchaser for his part does not understand them, it is better that he represented by seine one who does. 
Re vi aiding Workmen for Inventions. 
English manufacturers are very generally coming to practice the giving of rewards to their workmen for improvements in tools, or in arrangements for doing work, in sums ranging from five to one hundred dollars. This, it appears to us, is an excellent plan, and one intended to bring out the best efforts of the individual workman. He is most com-petent to devise minor improvements in work-shop processes, and if suitably rewarded could afford to give thought to these matters. English manufacturers, in instances where the invention of an employe are worthy of a patent, stand ready to furnish the means upon previously-arranged tent's. When the invention is not considered worth patenting, it is paid for, as previously ex-plained, and those who continue in their inventions are encouraged by an extra reward after their fifth successful effort. This seems to be something that could be advantageously looked after in this country. 
• 41119., 
We notice that in England there is a spasm in favor of automatic car couplers very simi lar to that of a few months since in this country. If as little progress in deciding what coupler use is made 41-ere as here, 
they will - to tire / years to co ii easily settle\ S4 1,7;1 dollars and c, lives and IL t. '- companies nothing*, strated that an automatic ens saving device that would matt the number of men requh-ed th on a railroad, there would be mire° getting one adopted on every road and in England, As it is, 1-1–, is litt 
nethods for t could be one of few - 

the bored hole for shaft to a true vertical position, then draw a circle of the same diameter as wheel to be measured; on this lay off a certain part of the whole, making it as large as possible, and have the end of bucket cover it. Now measure vertically from the points that mark the ends of the space laid off on the circle. The difference in the height of the edge of bucket at these two points will be to the pitch as the space is to the whole circle. If the space is 3, of the circumference and the difference in the two measurements is one foot, the pitch is 12'. This is only for a straight pitch. 
Auxiliary Steam Power in Sailing Vessels. 
In our June 3, 1882 issue, we noted some observations regarding this subject, in the light of hopeful experiments that were then being made. A number of sailing vessels were then being equipped with auxiliary steam power and the promoters of the experi-ments looked for results, that, without inter-ference with the usual business of steamships, would point the way to an important and profitable addition to the American merchant marine. These experiments, according to our information gathered in shipping circles, have not resulted favorably, at least so far as sup-plying sailing vessels with auxiliary steam-power in the strict sense of the phrase is concerned. For useful information on this subject, we are indebted to Mr. Henry H. Sinclair, of New York, Captain George W. Tucker, Mr. James TI. Winchester, and other gentlemen. Capt. tucker informs us that his firm • are part owners in a sailing vessel which three years ago was equipped with auxiliary steam-imwer furnished by a prominent firm of marine et 'gill° builders. The vessel was full bark-rig-god, having three masts, with yards on two of them . She registered when equipped with aux-i I iary steam, 750 tons, with carrying capacity of about 1,150 tons. Her steam-plant consisted ►1 single-acting condensing engine, K'x30" cylinder, of about 175 nominal horse-power, and two boilers. The shaft was 8" in diameter, and 21' long. The trade she en-gaged in was regular trips between the ports of Now York and Buenos Ayres, South America, with oecnsional extensions of the trig) from tlm WW1' Dort to gild from RoNario. 
discharging at New York, while the $50 sav-ing in towage at Buenos Ayres accrued to the charterers and not to the ship :

SAVING BY USE OF AUXILIARY STEAM-POWER. 
Earning capacity of entire vessel, 1,150 tons, increased one-third by 30 days saved in running time, estimated worth $3,150 Saving in towage in and out of N. Y., average  60 Proportionate saving on use of steam, 2 trips to Rosario out of 5 voyages, average 5 days, estimated worth   $525 Less only cost of coal  90 
Making net  Estimated saving in wages of one man at sea  Saved on hoisting in port  Total saving in round trip $3,845 Balance in favor of auxiliary steam per voyage of 4,i mos  778 It will be noticed that the incidental Rosario trips account for most of the saving, and that cost of repairs has not yet entered into the comparison. This result, while showing a money balance in favor of auxiliary steam, was not regarded as sufficient to offset the extended overhauling and repairs, including replacement of boilers, that were sure to come. The steam plant was therefore removed and sold, the net result of the experiment being, of course, a loss. While the auxiliary steam-power employed in this vessel proved insufficient to be of much service in bad weather or on dangerous coasts, the vessel steamed readily 150 to 165 miles a day on several occasions during a calm. It was thought the propeller resist-ance hindered the ship from half a knot to one knot per hour, according to the fordo of the breeze. In further explanation, it should be said that, while the vessel could always get its cargo promptly at New York, the South American shippers could not be induced (doubtless, in some cases, were unable) to get their cargo made up any more promptly than in the case of an ordinary sailing vessel, the average stay in the South American port being 45 days. The remark was frequently made by shippers there that time was " no great object," and that the ship was " 1110 v11(411►04 storelionao" they could double engines, having 20" high pressure cylinder, 36" low pressure cylinder, and 30" stroke of both. Her boilers are two in number, and built after the latest Scotch pattern, being 10' 3" long and 8' diameter each. The engines and boilers were built by Neafie & Levy, of Philadelphia, have 410 nominal horse-power, and cost complete about $30,000. Under steam the coal con-sumption averages seven tons in 24 hours. It was believed that 450 tons of coal would be sufficient to run the vessel to the east coast of Africa and back, steaming on the average one-half the time. The steam department gives employment to six men, the total number of hands required on the vessel being 17. In addition to her steam plant, the Jeanie carries full power spars and canvass, having a four-masted schooner rig, with spars 90 feet long. The dimensions of the vessel are 186 feet keel, 38 feet beam and 18 feet hold. Her propeller is two bladed, with provision for placing perpendicularly when not in use While subsequent experience shows the Jeanie to be well adapted to the east African trade, the breaking out of the Zulu war and other financial troubles in that country prevented her from ever being employed in that service, and she was accordingly transferred to the trade between New York and the West Indies. Her trips are made under continuous steam, the sails being employed only as auxiliary, the course of the vessel Dever being varied in order to use them. While her owners would not have designed this vessel expressly for that service, her performance is entirely satisfactory, the vessel averaging more than two voyages to a sailing vessel's one. Had her owners proposed originally to build the Jeanie for West Indian trade, they would have augmented her steam power and given her less sail. Capt. Winchester estimates that the Jeanie'8 entire steam plant, including shaft and coal bunkers, occupies a cargo space equivalent to 1,000 barrels, worth $700 to $1,000 for the round trip to the West Indies. Even at " the present low rates for freight," the vessel makes more money for her owners than she could do under sail, in fact, making money where a sail vessel would lose it. While her owners would not consider such a vessel suited to the trade between New York and California, they believe she would be as adapted to ply between San lerancisco am builder of marine engines of our western lake service, that shows conclusively that with engines of 48" stroke, and 86 revolu-tions per minute, developing 800 horse-power, the gain by jacketing was less than 2; per cent.; less than $1.25 for each twenty-four hours, and calculating the actual running time in a year, the saving was about $180. The cost of the jackets was about $500, and the repairs on them in one year was $80, leaving a very small financial gain for a vast amount of trouble. The cost of coal on the lakes is from $2, to $2.50 per ton trimmed on board, but even if it were $4.50 per ton, a steam jacket under such circumstances would make a very small saving for the ship-master. The relative proportions of the steam cyl-inders of compound engines must be fixed according to the steam pressure and average point of cut off to be used. The usual pro-portion for 100 lbs. initial pressure is 31 y to 1 in area. The old proportion for a press-lire of 90 to 100 lbs. was 4 to 1 in area, the diameter of the low pressure cylinder being generally made twice the diameter of the high pressure cylinder. Continued practice, however, developed the fact that the terminal pressure in the low pressure cylinder was too low when this pro-portion was used, calculating of course from an economical point of cut off at the high pressure cylinder; the terminal often fell below three pounds, and six pounds is low enough for the final pressure, when it is re-leased to the condenser. Where there is no jacketing, a terminal of nine pounds will show about the same result as a jacket working with a low terminal, so I believe in a moderately high average press-ure in the low pressure cylinder, as its walls are then kept warm without the use of the jacket, and this system can be used with economy up to 600 horse-power, and I think the turning point showing any decided gain by jacketing will be found on engines de-veloping more than 700 horse-power. I have referred to the marine engine fre-quently in speaking of the compound system, as this service has developed this type of engine in many forms, after it was once abandoned by the best builders of stationary or land engines, and the marine engine build-o•t4 ar(1 very far in advance of the stationary engine builders of to-day. There are nimlerti ma•iml enginem now in ************************************************************************************************************************pg 7 bott

 "'an' ono knot per hour, according to the form, of' power furnished by IL prominent Il•in of marine engine builders. The vessel was full bark-rig-ged, having three masts, with yards on two of them . She registered when equipped with aux-iliary steam, 750 tons, with carrying capacity of about 1,150 tons. Her steam-plant consisted of a direct single-acting condensing engine, 18"x30" cylinder, of about 175 nominal horse-power, and two boilers. The shaft was 8" in diameter, and 21' long. The trade she en-gaged in was regular trips between the ports of New York and Buenos Ayres, South America, with occasional extensions of the trip from the latter port to and from Rosario, about 200 miles further up the Uruguay River. Kerosene oil, chairs and lumber were among the chief articles of freight out of New York, while hides formed an important Hein in the return cargo. In all, five round trips were made, the Rosario trip being added to two of them. Capt. Tucker says his running time for ten passages averaged 44 to 45 days, making three months running time for the round trip, with about six weeks additional spent in port, the entire voyage averaging 4 months, though one voyage recorded the ex-ceptional time of 3 months. The steam was only used when there was not wind enough for the sails, this occurring mostly in the tropics. Capt. Tucker believes the Buenos Ayres trade includes sufficient use for auxiliary steam to make it a very fair test for that method. On this basis, as compared with subsequent performances of the same vessel, after removal of her machinery, the expense of maintaining her auxiliary steam-power is summed up as follows, without charging anything to repairs : 

EXPENSE OF MAINTAINING AUXILIARY STEAM POWER. Cargo space displaced, 150 tons, valued at 13 cts. per cu. ft. out and of that rate back, estimated worth for the round trip, N. —;„ Buenos Ayres and return $1,225 Wages of engineer, assistant and 1 fire-ml.-n, total $165 per month, for 4 
742 Aug,. $4   700 ,-,t , of steam plant, 4; mos  300 l'ste and packing  100 stile  during round trip $3,067 
Against this should be set the following, no living being made in lighterage, loading or 
the breeze. In further explanation, it should be said that, while the vessel could always get its cargo promptly at New York, the South American shippers could not be induced (doubtless, in some cases, were unable) to get their cargo made up any more promptly than in the case of an ordinary sailing vessel, the average stay in the South American port being 45 days. The remark was frequently made by shippers there that time was " no great object," and that the ship was " the cheapest storehouse" they could find for their goods, their custom being to make drafts on consi2nees for the value of shipments as soon as made. This, in fact, appears to have been the chief cause of the virtual failure of the steam plant to render its use profitable. It is not doubted that the auxiliary steam would have been retained had its advantages at sea been supplemented on land by the facilities which were freely accorded to regular " steam-ers." This serious disadvantage was often further complicated by the impatience of con-signees in New York, who, misled by the words " auxiliary steam," looked upon the vessel as a " steamer," and expected steamer speed. Nor would South American shippers, while usually willing to accord the preference at the same rates, consent to allow the vessel any better than sailing vessel rates. As a matter of opinion merely, Capt. Tucker thinks schooner rigging would be preferabi for a vessel equipped with auxiliary steam. I to also thinks increasing the size of the vessel would be advantageous, thereby making the steam machinery occupy relatively less space. 

EQUAL STEAM AND SAIL POWER. An experiment of quite a different kind is found in the experience of the Jeanie, owned by J. H. Winchester & Co., of New York, the vessel having substantially what may be termed equal steam and sail power. During several years this firm had occasion to dis-patch a vessel every two months around the Cape of Good Hope to ports on the south-east coast of Africa. The trade being pros-perous, the firm concluded it would support two steam vessels, and the Jeanie was built with This end in view. Her registered ton-nage is 1,075, and her carrying capacity 1,600 tons, her steam equipment being sufficient to affoe full load in smooth water, with-out tf s a speed cr nine knots an them ' hour, nro-kicIPO )91-v; 
Capt. Winchester 4.slinintem Clint the entire steam plant, including shalt 1111d coal bunkers, occupies a cargo space equivalent to 1,000 barrels, worth $700 to $1,000 for the round trip to the West Indies. Even at " the present low rates for freight," the vessel makes more money for her owners than she could do under sail, in fact, making money where a sail vessel would lose it. While her owners would not consider such a vessel suited to the trade between New York and California, they believe she would be as well adapted to ply between San Francisco and the Sandwich Islands, as for the East African trade for which she was built. Altogether the experience afforded by this vessel seems to indicate a more satisfactory solution of the problem of combining steam and sail for long voyages, than has yet come to our notice. 
Compound Engines for Stationary or Factory Purposes.

 
BY WILLIAM H. HOFFMAN. THIRD PAPER. 
There are several reasons for compounding an engine ; one important reason is, that as the steam engine is a heat motor, the initial pressures can be as high as safety will permit, and lubricants will operate. There need be no trouble about any of the -,ackings, as they can all be metallic. These high pressures of steam keep it partially dry at least, and the cylinders hot, thus prevent-ing a large amount of cylinder condensa-tion. There is very little gain in compounding a steam engine if the initial steam pressure is to be below 85 lbs. After going to the extra expense of permanently separating the boiler from the condenser by the introduction of the intermediate high pressure cylinder, we must look for most of the other gains in the increased number of expansions, and to do this we must have an initial pressure of about 100 lbs.; this pressure will insure thirteen ex-pansions with the work well taken out of the steam. In practice I have found very little gain in jacketing cylinders with a diameter less than 18 inches for the high pressure, and 30 inches for the low pressure:.,!‘ie .e small engines in their jackets lieecled„ 41. f-
(I I think theNurning point sin ing an deci(1,(1 ►gain by jacketing will be found on engines de-veloping more than 700 horse-power. I have referred to the marine engine fre-quently in speaking of the compound system, as this service has developed this type of engine in many forms, after it was once abandoned by the best builders of stationary or land engines, and the marine engine build-ers are very far in advance of the stationary engine builders of to-day. There are modern marine engines now in operation, developing from 750 to 850 horse-power, making an average of 165 revolutions per minute, receiving an initial pressure of 160 lbs., and having a piston speed of 675 feet per minute and running continuously for thirty hours with less fuel consumption than any stationary compound engine within my knowledge. Now if we should go to the stationary engine builder, with a specifica-tion covering a case like the above, and add that he must transmit this power through a shaft 8 or 9 inches in diameter, and 80 feet long, or more, he would probably say that we were asking him to build an engine under extraordinary conditions ; yet this is now con-sidered small work in the marine engine line. The marine engineers are still moving on in the perfection of the compound engine. The triple expansion system is now being in-troduced on vessels as small as 300 tons, with a decided saving in fuel over the two cylinder I compound. d t believe, however, that the three cylinder triple expansion system will show much saving on engines below 400 horse-power, but am confident that three engines working on one shaft, with cranks set at 130° give the best results as to the regularity of speed, and uniform strains on the main shaft. of the marine engine builders of this country have lately constructed boilers with shells 14 feet in diameter and calculated for a safe working pressure of 165 lbs. , and to be connected to triple expansion engines. The two vessels for the White Star Line just commenced by Messrs. Harlan & Wolffe, Belfast, Ireland, will have boilers to carry 165 lbs. of steam with perfect safety. The engines will be of the triple expansion type, and will be run at high rotative and piston speeds, being the most powerful yet dc,, signed. It is said these engines are something over 14,000 horse-power and yet all this energy is to be fastened to the hull of a vessel that v-"' offer anything but the rigid, foundatir' the landsman nearly always fin(' and,- 7 thi,soin, 

******************************************************Mid of blank spot ********************************************

******************************************************Mid of blank spot ********************************************

the bored hole for shaft to a true vertical position, then draw a circle of the same diameter as wheel to be measured; on this lay off a certain part of the whole, making it as large as possible, and have the end of bucket cover it. Now measure vertically from the points that mark the ends of the space laid off on the circle. The difference in the height of the edge of bucket at these two points will be to the pitch as the space is to the whole circle. If the space is 3, of the circumference and the difference in the two measurements is one foot, the pitch is 12'. This is only for a straight pitch. 
Auxiliary Steam Power in Sailing Vessels. 
In our June 3, 1882 issue, we noted some observations regarding this subject, in the light of hopeful experiments that were then being made. A number of sailing vessels were then being equipped with auxiliary steam power and the promoters of the experi-ments looked for results, that, without inter-ference with the usual business of steamships, would point the way to an important and profitable addition to the American merchant marine. These experiments, according to our information gathered in shipping circles, have not resulted favorably, at least so far as sup-plying sailing vessels with auxiliary steam-power in the strict sense of the phrase is concerned. For useful information on this subject, we are indebted to Mr. Henry H. Sinclair, of New York, Captain George W. Tucker, Mr. James TI. Winchester, and other gentlemen. Capt. tucker informs us that his firm • are part owners in a sailing vessel which three years ago was equipped with auxiliary steam-imwer furnished by a prominent firm of marine et 'gill° builders. The vessel was full bark-rig-god, having three masts, with yards on two of them . She registered when equipped with aux-i I iary steam, 750 tons, with carrying capacity of about 1,150 tons. Her steam-plant consisted ►1 single-acting condensing engine, K'x30" cylinder, of about 175 nominal horse-power, and two boilers. The shaft was 8" in diameter, and 21' long. The trade she en-gaged in was regular trips between the ports of Now York and Buenos Ayres, South America, with oecnsional extensions of the trig) from tlm WW1' Dort to gild from RoNario. 
discharging at New York, while the $50 sav-ing in towage at Buenos Ayres accrued to the charterers and not to the ship :

SAVING BY USE OF AUXILIARY STEAM-POWER. 
Earning capacity of entire vessel, 1,150 tons, increased one-third by 30 days saved in running time, estimated worth $3,150 Saving in towage in and out of N. Y., average  60 Proportionate saving on use of steam, 2 trips to Rosario out of 5 voyages, average 5 days, estimated worth   $525 Less only cost of coal  90 
Making net  Estimated saving in wages of one man at sea  Saved on hoisting in port  Total saving in round trip $3,845 Balance in favor of auxiliary steam per voyage of 4,i mos  778 It will be noticed that the incidental Rosario trips account for most of the saving, and that cost of repairs has not yet entered into the comparison. This result, while showing a money balance in favor of auxiliary steam, was not regarded as sufficient to offset the extended overhauling and repairs, including replacement of boilers, that were sure to come. The steam plant was therefore removed and sold, the net result of the experiment being, of course, a loss. While the auxiliary steam-power employed in this vessel proved insufficient to be of much service in bad weather or on dangerous coasts, the vessel steamed readily 150 to 165 miles a day on several occasions during a calm. It was thought the propeller resist-ance hindered the ship from half a knot to one knot per hour, according to the fordo of the breeze. In further explanation, it should be said that, while the vessel could always get its cargo promptly at New York, the South American shippers could not be induced (doubtless, in some cases, were unable) to get their cargo made up any more promptly than in the case of an ordinary sailing vessel, the average stay in the South American port being 45 days. The remark was frequently made by shippers there that time was " no great object," and that the ship was " 1110 v11(411►04 storelionao" they could double engines, having 20" high pressure cylinder, 36" low pressure cylinder, and 30" stroke of both. Her boilers are two in number, and built after the latest Scotch pattern, being 10' 3" long and 8' diameter each. The engines and boilers were built by Neafie & Levy, of Philadelphia, have 410 nominal horse-power, and cost complete about $30,000. Under steam the coal con-sumption averages seven tons in 24 hours. It was believed that 450 tons of coal would be sufficient to run the vessel to the east coast of Africa and back, steaming on the average one-half the time. The steam department gives employment to six men, the total number of hands required on the vessel being 17. In addition to her steam plant, the Jeanie carries full power spars and canvass, having a four-masted schooner rig, with spars 90 feet long. The dimensions of the vessel are 186 feet keel, 38 feet beam and 18 feet hold. Her propeller is two bladed, with provision for placing perpendicularly when not in use While subsequent experience shows the Jeanie to be well adapted to the east African trade, the breaking out of the Zulu war and other financial troubles in that country prevented her from ever being employed in that service, and she was accordingly transferred to the trade between New York and the West Indies. Her trips are made under continuous steam, the sails being employed only as auxiliary, the course of the vessel Dever being varied in order to use them. While her owners would not have designed this vessel expressly for that service, her performance is entirely satisfactory, the vessel averaging more than two voyages to a sailing vessel's one. Had her owners proposed originally to build the Jeanie for West Indian trade, they would have augmented her steam power and given her less sail. Capt. Winchester estimates that the Jeanie'8 entire steam plant, including shaft and coal bunkers, occupies a cargo space equivalent to 1,000 barrels, worth $700 to $1,000 for the round trip to the West Indies. Even at " the present low rates for freight," the vessel makes more money for her owners than she could do under sail, in fact, making money where a sail vessel would lose it. While her owners would not consider such a vessel suited to the trade between New York and California, they believe she would be as adapted to ply between San lerancisco am builder of marine engines of our western lake service, that shows conclusively that with engines of 48" stroke, and 86 revolu-tions per minute, developing 800 horse-power, the gain by jacketing was less than 2; per cent.; less than $1.25 for each twenty-four hours, and calculating the actual running time in a year, the saving was about $180. The cost of the jackets was about $500, and the repairs on them in one year was $80, leaving a very small financial gain for a vast amount of trouble. The cost of coal on the lakes is from $2, to $2.50 per ton trimmed on board, but even if it were $4.50 per ton, a steam jacket under such circumstances would make a very small saving for the ship-master. The relative proportions of the steam cyl-inders of compound engines must be fixed according to the steam pressure and average point of cut off to be used. The usual pro-portion for 100 lbs. initial pressure is 31 y to 1 in area. The old proportion for a press-lire of 90 to 100 lbs. was 4 to 1 in area, the diameter of the low pressure cylinder being generally made twice the diameter of the high pressure cylinder. Continued practice, however, developed the fact that the terminal pressure in the low pressure cylinder was too low when this pro-portion was used, calculating of course from an economical point of cut off at the high pressure cylinder; the terminal often fell below three pounds, and six pounds is low enough for the final pressure, when it is re-leased to the condenser. Where there is no jacketing, a terminal of nine pounds will show about the same result as a jacket working with a low terminal, so I believe in a moderately high average press-ure in the low pressure cylinder, as its walls are then kept warm without the use of the jacket, and this system can be used with economy up to 600 horse-power, and I think the turning point showing any decided gain by jacketing will be found on engines de-veloping more than 700 horse-power. I have referred to the marine engine fre-quently in speaking of the compound system, as this service has developed this type of engine in many forms, after it was once abandoned by the best builders of stationary or land engines, and the marine engine build-o•t4 ar(1 very far in advance of the stationary engine builders of to-day. There are nimlerti ma•iml enginem now in ************************************************************************************************************************pg 7 bott

 "'an' ono knot per hour, according to the form, of' power furnished by IL prominent Il•in of marine engine builders. The vessel was full bark-rig-ged, having three masts, with yards on two of them . She registered when equipped with aux-iliary steam, 750 tons, with carrying capacity of about 1,150 tons. Her steam-plant consisted of a direct single-acting condensing engine, 18"x30" cylinder, of about 175 nominal horse-power, and two boilers. The shaft was 8" in diameter, and 21' long. The trade she en-gaged in was regular trips between the ports of New York and Buenos Ayres, South America, with occasional extensions of the trip from the latter port to and from Rosario, about 200 miles further up the Uruguay River. Kerosene oil, chairs and lumber were among the chief articles of freight out of New York, while hides formed an important Hein in the return cargo. In all, five round trips were made, the Rosario trip being added to two of them. Capt. Tucker says his running time for ten passages averaged 44 to 45 days, making three months running time for the round trip, with about six weeks additional spent in port, the entire voyage averaging 4 months, though one voyage recorded the ex-ceptional time of 3 months. The steam was only used when there was not wind enough for the sails, this occurring mostly in the tropics. Capt. Tucker believes the Buenos Ayres trade includes sufficient use for auxiliary steam to make it a very fair test for that method. On this basis, as compared with subsequent performances of the same vessel, after removal of her machinery, the expense of maintaining her auxiliary steam-power is summed up as follows, without charging anything to repairs : 

EXPENSE OF MAINTAINING AUXILIARY STEAM POWER. Cargo space displaced, 150 tons, valued at 13 cts. per cu. ft. out and of that rate back, estimated worth for the round trip, N. —;„ Buenos Ayres and return $1,225 Wages of engineer, assistant and 1 fire-ml.-n, total $165 per month, for 4 
742 Aug,. $4   700 ,-,t , of steam plant, 4; mos  300 l'ste and packing  100 stile  during round trip $3,067 
Against this should be set the following, no living being made in lighterage, loading or 
the breeze. In further explanation, it should be said that, while the vessel could always get its cargo promptly at New York, the South American shippers could not be induced (doubtless, in some cases, were unable) to get their cargo made up any more promptly than in the case of an ordinary sailing vessel, the average stay in the South American port being 45 days. The remark was frequently made by shippers there that time was " no great object," and that the ship was " the cheapest storehouse" they could find for their goods, their custom being to make drafts on consi2nees for the value of shipments as soon as made. This, in fact, appears to have been the chief cause of the virtual failure of the steam plant to render its use profitable. It is not doubted that the auxiliary steam would have been retained had its advantages at sea been supplemented on land by the facilities which were freely accorded to regular " steam-ers." This serious disadvantage was often further complicated by the impatience of con-signees in New York, who, misled by the words " auxiliary steam," looked upon the vessel as a " steamer," and expected steamer speed. Nor would South American shippers, while usually willing to accord the preference at the same rates, consent to allow the vessel any better than sailing vessel rates. As a matter of opinion merely, Capt. Tucker thinks schooner rigging would be preferabi for a vessel equipped with auxiliary steam. I to also thinks increasing the size of the vessel would be advantageous, thereby making the steam machinery occupy relatively less space. 

EQUAL STEAM AND SAIL POWER. An experiment of quite a different kind is found in the experience of the Jeanie, owned by J. H. Winchester & Co., of New York, the vessel having substantially what may be termed equal steam and sail power. During several years this firm had occasion to dis-patch a vessel every two months around the Cape of Good Hope to ports on the south-east coast of Africa. The trade being pros-perous, the firm concluded it would support two steam vessels, and the Jeanie was built with This end in view. Her registered ton-nage is 1,075, and her carrying capacity 1,600 tons, her steam equipment being sufficient to affoe full load in smooth water, with-out tf s a speed cr nine knots an them ' hour, nro-kicIPO )91-v; 
Capt. Winchester 4.slinintem Clint the entire steam plant, including shalt 1111d coal bunkers, occupies a cargo space equivalent to 1,000 barrels, worth $700 to $1,000 for the round trip to the West Indies. Even at " the present low rates for freight," the vessel makes more money for her owners than she could do under sail, in fact, making money where a sail vessel would lose it. While her owners would not consider such a vessel suited to the trade between New York and California, they believe she would be as well adapted to ply between San Francisco and the Sandwich Islands, as for the East African trade for which she was built. Altogether the experience afforded by this vessel seems to indicate a more satisfactory solution of the problem of combining steam and sail for long voyages, than has yet come to our notice. 
Compound Engines for Stationary or Factory Purposes.

 
BY WILLIAM H. HOFFMAN. THIRD PAPER. 
There are several reasons for compounding an engine ; one important reason is, that as the steam engine is a heat motor, the initial pressures can be as high as safety will permit, and lubricants will operate. There need be no trouble about any of the -,ackings, as they can all be metallic. These high pressures of steam keep it partially dry at least, and the cylinders hot, thus prevent-ing a large amount of cylinder condensa-tion. There is very little gain in compounding a steam engine if the initial steam pressure is to be below 85 lbs. After going to the extra expense of permanently separating the boiler from the condenser by the introduction of the intermediate high pressure cylinder, we must look for most of the other gains in the increased number of expansions, and to do this we must have an initial pressure of about 100 lbs.; this pressure will insure thirteen ex-pansions with the work well taken out of the steam. In practice I have found very little gain in jacketing cylinders with a diameter less than 18 inches for the high pressure, and 30 inches for the low pressure:.,!‘ie .e small engines in their jackets lieecled„ 41. f-
(I I think theNurning point sin ing an deci(1,(1 ►gain by jacketing will be found on engines de-veloping more than 700 horse-power. I have referred to the marine engine fre-quently in speaking of the compound system, as this service has developed this type of engine in many forms, after it was once abandoned by the best builders of stationary or land engines, and the marine engine build-ers are very far in advance of the stationary engine builders of to-day. There are modern marine engines now in operation, developing from 750 to 850 horse-power, making an average of 165 revolutions per minute, receiving an initial pressure of 160 lbs., and having a piston speed of 675 feet per minute and running continuously for thirty hours with less fuel consumption than any stationary compound engine within my knowledge. Now if we should go to the stationary engine builder, with a specifica-tion covering a case like the above, and add that he must transmit this power through a shaft 8 or 9 inches in diameter, and 80 feet long, or more, he would probably say that we were asking him to build an engine under extraordinary conditions ; yet this is now con-sidered small work in the marine engine line. The marine engineers are still moving on in the perfection of the compound engine. The triple expansion system is now being in-troduced on vessels as small as 300 tons, with a decided saving in fuel over the two cylinder I compound. d t believe, however, that the three cylinder triple expansion system will show much saving on engines below 400 horse-power, but am confident that three engines working on one shaft, with cranks set at 130° give the best results as to the regularity of speed, and uniform strains on the main shaft. of the marine engine builders of this country have lately constructed boilers with shells 14 feet in diameter and calculated for a safe working pressure of 165 lbs. , and to be connected to triple expansion engines. The two vessels for the White Star Line just commenced by Messrs. Harlan & Wolffe, Belfast, Ireland, will have boilers to carry 165 lbs. of steam with perfect safety. The engines will be of the triple expansion type, and will be run at high rotative and piston speeds, being the most powerful yet dc,, signed. It is said these engines are something over 14,000 horse-power and yet all this energy is to be fastened to the hull of a vessel that v-"' offer anything but the rigid, foundatir' the landsman nearly always fin(' and,- 7 thi,soin, 

******************************************************Mid of blank spot ********************************************

 May 8, 1886 pg 11   AMERICIA MACHINIST

the bored hole for shaft to a true vertical position, then draw a circle of the same diameter as wheel to be measured; on this lay off a certain part of the whole, making it as large as possible, and have the end of bucket cover it. Now measure vertically from the points that mark the ends of the space laid off on the circle. The difference in the height of the edge of bucket at these two points will be to the pitch as the space is to the whole circle. If the space is 3, of the circumference and the difference in the two measurements is one foot, the pitch is 12'. This is only for a straight pitch. 
Auxiliary Steam Power in Sailing Vessels. 
In our June 3, 1882 issue, we noted some observations regarding this subject, in the light of hopeful experiments that were then being made. A number of sailing vessels were then being equipped with auxiliary steam power and the promoters of the experi-ments looked for results, that, without inter-ference with the usual business of steamships, would point the way to an important and profitable addition to the American merchant marine. These experiments, according to our information gathered in shipping circles, have not resulted favorably, at least so far as sup-plying sailing vessels with auxiliary steam-power in the strict sense of the phrase is concerned. For useful information on this subject, we are indebted to Mr. Henry H. Sinclair, of New York, Captain George W. Tucker, Mr. James TI. Winchester, and other gentlemen. Capt. tucker informs us that his firm • are part owners in a sailing vessel which three years ago was equipped with auxiliary steam-imwer furnished by a prominent firm of marine et 'gill° builders. The vessel was full bark-rig-god, having three masts, with yards on two of them . She registered when equipped with aux-i I iary steam, 750 tons, with carrying capacity of about 1,150 tons. Her steam-plant consisted ►1 single-acting condensing engine, K'x30" cylinder, of about 175 nominal horse-power, and two boilers. The shaft was 8" in diameter, and 21' long. The trade she en-gaged in was regular trips between the ports of Now York and Buenos Ayres, South America, with oecnsional extensions of the trig) from tlm WW1' Dort to gild from RoNario. 
discharging at New York, while the $50 sav-ing in towage at Buenos Ayres accrued to the charterers and not to the ship :

SAVING BY USE OF AUXILIARY STEAM-POWER. 
Earning capacity of entire vessel, 1,150 tons, increased one-third by 30 days saved in running time, estimated worth $3,150 Saving in towage in and out of N. Y., average  60 Proportionate saving on use of steam, 2 trips to Rosario out of 5 voyages, average 5 days, estimated worth   $525 Less only cost of coal  90 
Making net  Estimated saving in wages of one man at sea  Saved on hoisting in port  Total saving in round trip $3,845 Balance in favor of auxiliary steam per voyage of 4,i mos  778 It will be noticed that the incidental Rosario trips account for most of the saving, and that cost of repairs has not yet entered into the comparison. This result, while showing a money balance in favor of auxiliary steam, was not regarded as sufficient to offset the extended overhauling and repairs, including replacement of boilers, that were sure to come. The steam plant was therefore removed and sold, the net result of the experiment being, of course, a loss. While the auxiliary steam-power employed in this vessel proved insufficient to be of much service in bad weather or on dangerous coasts, the vessel steamed readily 150 to 165 miles a day on several occasions during a calm. It was thought the propeller resist-ance hindered the ship from half a knot to one knot per hour, according to the fordo of the breeze. In further explanation, it should be said that, while the vessel could always get its cargo promptly at New York, the South American shippers could not be induced (doubtless, in some cases, were unable) to get their cargo made up any more promptly than in the case of an ordinary sailing vessel, the average stay in the South American port being 45 days. The remark was frequently made by shippers there that time was " no great object," and that the ship was " 1110 v11(411►04 storelionao" they could double engines, having 20" high pressure cylinder, 36" low pressure cylinder, and 30" stroke of both. Her boilers are two in number, and built after the latest Scotch pattern, being 10' 3" long and 8' diameter each. The engines and boilers were built by Neafie & Levy, of Philadelphia, have 410 nominal horse-power, and cost complete about $30,000. Under steam the coal con-sumption averages seven tons in 24 hours. It was believed that 450 tons of coal would be sufficient to run the vessel to the east coast of Africa and back, steaming on the average one-half the time. The steam department gives employment to six men, the total number of hands required on the vessel being 17. In addition to her steam plant, the Jeanie carries full power spars and canvass, having a four-masted schooner rig, with spars 90 feet long. The dimensions of the vessel are 186 feet keel, 38 feet beam and 18 feet hold. Her propeller is two bladed, with provision for placing perpendicularly when not in use While subsequent experience shows the Jeanie to be well adapted to the east African trade, the breaking out of the Zulu war and other financial troubles in that country prevented her from ever being employed in that service, and she was accordingly transferred to the trade between New York and the West Indies. Her trips are made under continuous steam, the sails being employed only as auxiliary, the course of the vessel Dever being varied in order to use them. While her owners would not have designed this vessel expressly for that service, her performance is entirely satisfactory, the vessel averaging more than two voyages to a sailing vessel's one. Had her owners proposed originally to build the Jeanie for West Indian trade, they would have augmented her steam power and given her less sail. Capt. Winchester estimates that the Jeanie'8 entire steam plant, including shaft and coal bunkers, occupies a cargo space equivalent to 1,000 barrels, worth $700 to $1,000 for the round trip to the West Indies. Even at " the present low rates for freight," the vessel makes more money for her owners than she could do under sail, in fact, making money where a sail vessel would lose it. While her owners would not consider such a vessel suited to the trade between New York and California, they believe she would be as adapted to ply between San lerancisco am builder of marine engines of our western lake service, that shows conclusively that with engines of 48" stroke, and 86 revolu-tions per minute, developing 800 horse-power, the gain by jacketing was less than 2; per cent.; less than $1.25 for each twenty-four hours, and calculating the actual running time in a year, the saving was about $180. The cost of the jackets was about $500, and the repairs on them in one year was $80, leaving a very small financial gain for a vast amount of trouble. The cost of coal on the lakes is from $2, to $2.50 per ton trimmed on board, but even if it were $4.50 per ton, a steam jacket under such circumstances would make a very small saving for the ship-master. The relative proportions of the steam cyl-inders of compound engines must be fixed according to the steam pressure and average point of cut off to be used. The usual pro-portion for 100 lbs. initial pressure is 31 y to 1 in area. The old proportion for a press-lire of 90 to 100 lbs. was 4 to 1 in area, the diameter of the low pressure cylinder being generally made twice the diameter of the high pressure cylinder. Continued practice, however, developed the fact that the terminal pressure in the low pressure cylinder was too low when this pro-portion was used, calculating of course from an economical point of cut off at the high pressure cylinder; the terminal often fell below three pounds, and six pounds is low enough for the final pressure, when it is re-leased to the condenser. Where there is no jacketing, a terminal of nine pounds will show about the same result as a jacket working with a low terminal, so I believe in a moderately high average press-ure in the low pressure cylinder, as its walls are then kept warm without the use of the jacket, and this system can be used with economy up to 600 horse-power, and I think the turning point showing any decided gain by jacketing will be found on engines de-veloping more than 700 horse-power. I have referred to the marine engine fre-quently in speaking of the compound system, as this service has developed this type of engine in many forms, after it was once abandoned by the best builders of stationary or land engines, and the marine engine build-o•t4 ar(1 very far in advance of the stationary engine builders of to-day. There are nimlerti ma•iml enginem now in ************************************************************************************************************************pg 7 bott

 "'an' ono knot per hour, according to the form, of' power furnished by IL prominent Il•in of marine engine builders. The vessel was full bark-rig-ged, having three masts, with yards on two of them . She registered when equipped with aux-iliary steam, 750 tons, with carrying capacity of about 1,150 tons. Her steam-plant consisted of a direct single-acting condensing engine, 18"x30" cylinder, of about 175 nominal horse-power, and two boilers. The shaft was 8" in diameter, and 21' long. The trade she en-gaged in was regular trips between the ports of New York and Buenos Ayres, South America, with occasional extensions of the trip from the latter port to and from Rosario, about 200 miles further up the Uruguay River. Kerosene oil, chairs and lumber were among the chief articles of freight out of New York, while hides formed an important Hein in the return cargo. In all, five round trips were made, the Rosario trip being added to two of them. Capt. Tucker says his running time for ten passages averaged 44 to 45 days, making three months running time for the round trip, with about six weeks additional spent in port, the entire voyage averaging 4 months, though one voyage recorded the ex-ceptional time of 3 months. The steam was only used when there was not wind enough for the sails, this occurring mostly in the tropics. Capt. Tucker believes the Buenos Ayres trade includes sufficient use for auxiliary steam to make it a very fair test for that method. On this basis, as compared with subsequent performances of the same vessel, after removal of her machinery, the expense of maintaining her auxiliary steam-power is summed up as follows, without charging anything to repairs : 

EXPENSE OF MAINTAINING AUXILIARY STEAM POWER. Cargo space displaced, 150 tons, valued at 13 cts. per cu. ft. out and of that rate back, estimated worth for the round trip, N. —;„ Buenos Ayres and return $1,225 Wages of engineer, assistant and 1 fire-ml.-n, total $165 per month, for 4 
742 Aug,. $4   700 ,-,t , of steam plant, 4; mos  300 l'ste and packing  100 stile  during round trip $3,067 
Against this should be set the following, no living being made in lighterage, loading or 
the breeze. In further explanation, it should be said that, while the vessel could always get its cargo promptly at New York, the South American shippers could not be induced (doubtless, in some cases, were unable) to get their cargo made up any more promptly than in the case of an ordinary sailing vessel, the average stay in the South American port being 45 days. The remark was frequently made by shippers there that time was " no great object," and that the ship was " the cheapest storehouse" they could find for their goods, their custom being to make drafts on consi2nees for the value of shipments as soon as made. This, in fact, appears to have been the chief cause of the virtual failure of the steam plant to render its use profitable. It is not doubted that the auxiliary steam would have been retained had its advantages at sea been supplemented on land by the facilities which were freely accorded to regular " steam-ers." This serious disadvantage was often further complicated by the impatience of con-signees in New York, who, misled by the words " auxiliary steam," looked upon the vessel as a " steamer," and expected steamer speed. Nor would South American shippers, while usually willing to accord the preference at the same rates, consent to allow the vessel any better than sailing vessel rates. As a matter of opinion merely, Capt. Tucker thinks schooner rigging would be preferabi for a vessel equipped with auxiliary steam. I to also thinks increasing the size of the vessel would be advantageous, thereby making the steam machinery occupy relatively less space. 

EQUAL STEAM AND SAIL POWER. An experiment of quite a different kind is found in the experience of the Jeanie, owned by J. H. Winchester & Co., of New York, the vessel having substantially what may be termed equal steam and sail power. During several years this firm had occasion to dis-patch a vessel every two months around the Cape of Good Hope to ports on the south-east coast of Africa. The trade being pros-perous, the firm concluded it would support two steam vessels, and the Jeanie was built with This end in view. Her registered ton-nage is 1,075, and her carrying capacity 1,600 tons, her steam equipment being sufficient to affoe full load in smooth water, with-out tf s a speed cr nine knots an them ' hour, nro-kicIPO )91-v; 
Capt. Winchester 4.slinintem Clint the entire steam plant, including shalt 1111d coal bunkers, occupies a cargo space equivalent to 1,000 barrels, worth $700 to $1,000 for the round trip to the West Indies. Even at " the present low rates for freight," the vessel makes more money for her owners than she could do under sail, in fact, making money where a sail vessel would lose it. While her owners would not consider such a vessel suited to the trade between New York and California, they believe she would be as well adapted to ply between San Francisco and the Sandwich Islands, as for the East African trade for which she was built. Altogether the experience afforded by this vessel seems to indicate a more satisfactory solution of the problem of combining steam and sail for long voyages, than has yet come to our notice. 
Compound Engines for Stationary or Factory Purposes.

 
BY WILLIAM H. HOFFMAN. THIRD PAPER. 
There are several reasons for compounding an engine ; one important reason is, that as the steam engine is a heat motor, the initial pressures can be as high as safety will permit, and lubricants will operate. There need be no trouble about any of the -,ackings, as they can all be metallic. These high pressures of steam keep it partially dry at least, and the cylinders hot, thus prevent-ing a large amount of cylinder condensa-tion. There is very little gain in compounding a steam engine if the initial steam pressure is to be below 85 lbs. After going to the extra expense of permanently separating the boiler from the condenser by the introduction of the intermediate high pressure cylinder, we must look for most of the other gains in the increased number of expansions, and to do this we must have an initial pressure of about 100 lbs.; this pressure will insure thirteen ex-pansions with the work well taken out of the steam. In practice I have found very little gain in jacketing cylinders with a diameter less than 18 inches for the high pressure, and 30 inches for the low pressure:.,!‘ie .e small engines in their jackets lieecled„ 41. f-
(I I think theNurning point sin ing an deci(1,(1 ►gain by jacketing will be found on engines de-veloping more than 700 horse-power. I have referred to the marine engine fre-quently in speaking of the compound system, as this service has developed this type of engine in many forms, after it was once abandoned by the best builders of stationary or land engines, and the marine engine build-ers are very far in advance of the stationary engine builders of to-day. There are modern marine engines now in operation, developing from 750 to 850 horse-power, making an average of 165 revolutions per minute, receiving an initial pressure of 160 lbs., and having a piston speed of 675 feet per minute and running continuously for thirty hours with less fuel consumption than any stationary compound engine within my knowledge. Now if we should go to the stationary engine builder, with a specifica-tion covering a case like the above, and add that he must transmit this power through a shaft 8 or 9 inches in diameter, and 80 feet long, or more, he would probably say that we were asking him to build an engine under extraordinary conditions ; yet this is now con-sidered small work in the marine engine line. The marine engineers are still moving on in the perfection of the compound engine. The triple expansion system is now being in-troduced on vessels as small as 300 tons, with a decided saving in fuel over the two cylinder I compound. d t believe, however, that the three cylinder triple expansion system will show much saving on engines below 400 horse-power, but am confident that three engines working on one shaft, with cranks set at 130° give the best results as to the regularity of speed, and uniform strains on the main shaft. of the marine engine builders of this country have lately constructed boilers with shells 14 feet in diameter and calculated for a safe working pressure of 165 lbs. , and to be connected to triple expansion engines. The two vessels for the White Star Line just commenced by Messrs. Harlan & Wolffe, Belfast, Ireland, will have boilers to carry 165 lbs. of steam with perfect safety. The engines will be of the triple expansion type, and will be run at high rotative and piston speeds, being the most powerful yet dc,, signed. It is said these engines are something over 14,000 horse-power and yet all this energy is to be fastened to the hull of a vessel that v-"' offer anything but the rigid, foundatir' the landsman nearly always fin(' and,- 7 thi,soin, 

_*********************************

o 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000mid gap 7-8- ****************************8-2-25

o

 May 8, 1886 pg 10   AMERICIA MACHINIST

the bored hole for shaft to a true vertical position, then draw a circle of the same diameter as wheel to be measured; on this lay off a certain part of the whole, making it as large as possible, and have the end of bucket cover it. Now measure vertically from the points that mark the ends of the space laid off on the circle. The difference in the height of the edge of bucket at these two points will be to the pitch as the space is to the whole circle. If the space is 3, of the circumference and the difference in the two measurements is one foot, the pitch is 12'. This is only for a straight pitch. 
Auxiliary Steam Power in Sailing Vessels. 
In our June 3, 1882 issue, we noted some observations regarding this subject, in the light of hopeful experiments that were then being made. A number of sailing vessels were then being equipped with auxiliary steam power and the promoters of the experi-ments looked for results, that, without inter-ference with the usual business of steamships, would point the way to an important and profitable addition to the American merchant marine. These experiments, according to our information gathered in shipping circles, have not resulted favorably, at least so far as sup-plying sailing vessels with auxiliary steam-power in the strict sense of the phrase is concerned. For useful information on this subject, we are indebted to Mr. Henry H. Sinclair, of New York, Captain George W. Tucker, Mr. James TI. Winchester, and other gentlemen. Capt. tucker informs us that his firm • are part owners in a sailing vessel which three years ago was equipped with auxiliary steam-imwer furnished by a prominent firm of marine et 'gill° builders. The vessel was full bark-rig-god, having three masts, with yards on two of them . She registered when equipped with aux-i I iary steam, 750 tons, with carrying capacity of about 1,150 tons. Her steam-plant consisted ►1 single-acting condensing engine, K'x30" cylinder, of about 175 nominal horse-power, and two boilers. The shaft was 8" in diameter, and 21' long. The trade she en-gaged in was regular trips between the ports of Now York and Buenos Ayres, South America, with oecnsional extensions of the trig) from tlm WW1' Dort to gild from RoNario. 
discharging at New York, while the $50 sav-ing in towage at Buenos Ayres accrued to the charterers and not to the ship :

SAVING BY USE OF AUXILIARY STEAM-POWER. 
Earning capacity of entire vessel, 1,150 tons, increased one-third by 30 days saved in running time, estimated worth $3,150 Saving in towage in and out of N. Y., average  60 Proportionate saving on use of steam, 2 trips to Rosario out of 5 voyages, average 5 days, estimated worth   $525 Less only cost of coal  90 
Making net  Estimated saving in wages of one man at sea  Saved on hoisting in port  Total saving in round trip $3,845 Balance in favor of auxiliary steam per voyage of 4,i mos  778 It will be noticed that the incidental Rosario trips account for most of the saving, and that cost of repairs has not yet entered into the comparison. This result, while showing a money balance in favor of auxiliary steam, was not regarded as sufficient to offset the extended overhauling and repairs, including replacement of boilers, that were sure to come. The steam plant was therefore removed and sold, the net result of the experiment being, of course, a loss. While the auxiliary steam-power employed in this vessel proved insufficient to be of much service in bad weather or on dangerous coasts, the vessel steamed readily 150 to 165 miles a day on several occasions during a calm. It was thought the propeller resist-ance hindered the ship from half a knot to one knot per hour, according to the fordo of the breeze. In further explanation, it should be said that, while the vessel could always get its cargo promptly at New York, the South American shippers could not be induced (doubtless, in some cases, were unable) to get their cargo made up any more promptly than in the case of an ordinary sailing vessel, the average stay in the South American port being 45 days. The remark was frequently made by shippers there that time was " no great object," and that the ship was " 1110 v11(411►04 storelionao" they could double engines, having 20" high pressure cylinder, 36" low pressure cylinder, and 30" stroke of both. Her boilers are two in number, and built after the latest Scotch pattern, being 10' 3" long and 8' diameter each. The engines and boilers were built by Neafie & Levy, of Philadelphia, have 410 nominal horse-power, and cost complete about $30,000. Under steam the coal con-sumption averages seven tons in 24 hours. It was believed that 450 tons of coal would be sufficient to run the vessel to the east coast of Africa and back, steaming on the average one-half the time. The steam department gives employment to six men, the total number of hands required on the vessel being 17. In addition to her steam plant, the Jeanie carries full power spars and canvass, having a four-masted schooner rig, with spars 90 feet long. The dimensions of the vessel are 186 feet keel, 38 feet beam and 18 feet hold. Her propeller is two bladed, with provision for placing perpendicularly when not in use While subsequent experience shows the Jeanie to be well adapted to the east African trade, the breaking out of the Zulu war and other financial troubles in that country prevented her from ever being employed in that service, and she was accordingly transferred to the trade between New York and the West Indies. Her trips are made under continuous steam, the sails being employed only as auxiliary, the course of the vessel Dever being varied in order to use them. While her owners would not have designed this vessel expressly for that service, her performance is entirely satisfactory, the vessel averaging more than two voyages to a sailing vessel's one. Had her owners proposed originally to build the Jeanie for West Indian trade, they would have augmented her steam power and given her less sail. Capt. Winchester estimates that the Jeanie'8 entire steam plant, including shaft and coal bunkers, occupies a cargo space equivalent to 1,000 barrels, worth $700 to $1,000 for the round trip to the West Indies. Even at " the present low rates for freight," the vessel makes more money for her owners than she could do under sail, in fact, making money where a sail vessel would lose it. While her owners would not consider such a vessel suited to the trade between New York and California, they believe she would be as adapted to ply between San lerancisco am builder of marine engines of our western lake service, that shows conclusively that with engines of 48" stroke, and 86 revolu-tions per minute, developing 800 horse-power, the gain by jacketing was less than 2; per cent.; less than $1.25 for each twenty-four hours, and calculating the actual running time in a year, the saving was about $180. The cost of the jackets was about $500, and the repairs on them in one year was $80, leaving a very small financial gain for a vast amount of trouble. The cost of coal on the lakes is from $2, to $2.50 per ton trimmed on board, but even if it were $4.50 per ton, a steam jacket under such circumstances would make a very small saving for the ship-master. The relative proportions of the steam cyl-inders of compound engines must be fixed according to the steam pressure and average point of cut off to be used. The usual pro-portion for 100 lbs. initial pressure is 31 y to 1 in area. The old proportion for a press-lire of 90 to 100 lbs. was 4 to 1 in area, the diameter of the low pressure cylinder being generally made twice the diameter of the high pressure cylinder. Continued practice, however, developed the fact that the terminal pressure in the low pressure cylinder was too low when this pro-portion was used, calculating of course from an economical point of cut off at the high pressure cylinder; the terminal often fell below three pounds, and six pounds is low enough for the final pressure, when it is re-leased to the condenser. Where there is no jacketing, a terminal of nine pounds will show about the same result as a jacket working with a low terminal, so I believe in a moderately high average press-ure in the low pressure cylinder, as its walls are then kept warm without the use of the jacket, and this system can be used with economy up to 600 horse-power, and I think the turning point showing any decided gain by jacketing will be found on engines de-veloping more than 700 horse-power. I have referred to the marine engine fre-quently in speaking of the compound system, as this service has developed this type of engine in many forms, after it was once abandoned by the best builders of stationary or land engines, and the marine engine build-o•t4 ar(1 very far in advance of the stationary engine builders of to-day. There are nimlerti ma•iml enginem now in ************************************************************************************************************************pg 7 bott

 "'an' ono knot per hour, according to the form, of' power furnished by IL prominent Il•in of marine engine builders. The vessel was full bark-rig-ged, having three masts, with yards on two of them . She registered when equipped with aux-iliary steam, 750 tons, with carrying capacity of about 1,150 tons. Her steam-plant consisted of a direct single-acting condensing engine, 18"x30" cylinder, of about 175 nominal horse-power, and two boilers. The shaft was 8" in diameter, and 21' long. The trade she en-gaged in was regular trips between the ports of New York and Buenos Ayres, South America, with occasional extensions of the trip from the latter port to and from Rosario, about 200 miles further up the Uruguay River. Kerosene oil, chairs and lumber were among the chief articles of freight out of New York, while hides formed an important Hein in the return cargo. In all, five round trips were made, the Rosario trip being added to two of them. Capt. Tucker says his running time for ten passages averaged 44 to 45 days, making three months running time for the round trip, with about six weeks additional spent in port, the entire voyage averaging 4 months, though one voyage recorded the ex-ceptional time of 3 months. The steam was only used when there was not wind enough for the sails, this occurring mostly in the tropics. Capt. Tucker believes the Buenos Ayres trade includes sufficient use for auxiliary steam to make it a very fair test for that method. On this basis, as compared with subsequent performances of the same vessel, after removal of her machinery, the expense of maintaining her auxiliary steam-power is summed up as follows, without charging anything to repairs : 

EXPENSE OF MAINTAINING AUXILIARY STEAM POWER. Cargo space displaced, 150 tons, valued at 13 cts. per cu. ft. out and of that rate back, estimated worth for the round trip, N. —;„ Buenos Ayres and return $1,225 Wages of engineer, assistant and 1 fire-ml.-n, total $165 per month, for 4 
742 Aug,. $4   700 ,-,t , of steam plant, 4; mos  300 l'ste and packing  100 stile  during round trip $3,067 
Against this should be set the following, no living being made in lighterage, loading or 
the breeze. In further explanation, it should be said that, while the vessel could always get its cargo promptly at New York, the South American shippers could not be induced (doubtless, in some cases, were unable) to get their cargo made up any more promptly than in the case of an ordinary sailing vessel, the average stay in the South American port being 45 days. The remark was frequently made by shippers there that time was " no great object," and that the ship was " the cheapest storehouse" they could find for their goods, their custom being to make drafts on consi2nees for the value of shipments as soon as made. This, in fact, appears to have been the chief cause of the virtual failure of the steam plant to render its use profitable. It is not doubted that the auxiliary steam would have been retained had its advantages at sea been supplemented on land by the facilities which were freely accorded to regular " steam-ers." This serious disadvantage was often further complicated by the impatience of con-signees in New York, who, misled by the words " auxiliary steam," looked upon the vessel as a " steamer," and expected steamer speed. Nor would South American shippers, while usually willing to accord the preference at the same rates, consent to allow the vessel any better than sailing vessel rates. As a matter of opinion merely, Capt. Tucker thinks schooner rigging would be preferabi for a vessel equipped with auxiliary steam. I to also thinks increasing the size of the vessel would be advantageous, thereby making the steam machinery occupy relatively less space. 

EQUAL STEAM AND SAIL POWER. An experiment of quite a different kind is found in the experience of the Jeanie, owned by J. H. Winchester & Co., of New York, the vessel having substantially what may be termed equal steam and sail power. During several years this firm had occasion to dis-patch a vessel every two months around the Cape of Good Hope to ports on the south-east coast of Africa. The trade being pros-perous, the firm concluded it would support two steam vessels, and the Jeanie was built with This end in view. Her registered ton-nage is 1,075, and her carrying capacity 1,600 tons, her steam equipment being sufficient to affoe full load in smooth water, with-out tf s a speed cr nine knots an them ' hour, nro-kicIPO )91-v; 
Capt. Winchester 4.slinintem Clint the entire steam plant, including shalt 1111d coal bunkers, occupies a cargo space equivalent to 1,000 barrels, worth $700 to $1,000 for the round trip to the West Indies. Even at " the present low rates for freight," the vessel makes more money for her owners than she could do under sail, in fact, making money where a sail vessel would lose it. While her owners would not consider such a vessel suited to the trade between New York and California, they believe she would be as well adapted to ply between San Francisco and the Sandwich Islands, as for the East African trade for which she was built. Altogether the experience afforded by this vessel seems to indicate a more satisfactory solution of the problem of combining steam and sail for long voyages, than has yet come to our notice. 
Compound Engines for Stationary or Factory Purposes.

 
BY WILLIAM H. HOFFMAN. THIRD PAPER. 
There are several reasons for compounding an engine ; one important reason is, that as the steam engine is a heat motor, the initial pressures can be as high as safety will permit, and lubricants will operate. There need be no trouble about any of the -,ackings, as they can all be metallic. These high pressures of steam keep it partially dry at least, and the cylinders hot, thus prevent-ing a large amount of cylinder condensa-tion. There is very little gain in compounding a steam engine if the initial steam pressure is to be below 85 lbs. After going to the extra expense of permanently separating the boiler from the condenser by the introduction of the intermediate high pressure cylinder, we must look for most of the other gains in the increased number of expansions, and to do this we must have an initial pressure of about 100 lbs.; this pressure will insure thirteen ex-pansions with the work well taken out of the steam. In practice I have found very little gain in jacketing cylinders with a diameter less than 18 inches for the high pressure, and 30 inches for the low pressure:.,!‘ie .e small engines in their jackets lieecled„ 41. f-
(I I think theNurning point sin ing an deci(1,(1 ►gain by jacketing will be found on engines de-veloping more than 700 horse-power. I have referred to the marine engine fre-quently in speaking of the compound system, as this service has developed this type of engine in many forms, after it was once abandoned by the best builders of stationary or land engines, and the marine engine build-ers are very far in advance of the stationary engine builders of to-day. There are modern marine engines now in operation, developing from 750 to 850 horse-power, making an average of 165 revolutions per minute, receiving an initial pressure of 160 lbs., and having a piston speed of 675 feet per minute and running continuously for thirty hours with less fuel consumption than any stationary compound engine within my knowledge. Now if we should go to the stationary engine builder, with a specifica-tion covering a case like the above, and add that he must transmit this power through a shaft 8 or 9 inches in diameter, and 80 feet long, or more, he would probably say that we were asking him to build an engine under extraordinary conditions ; yet this is now con-sidered small work in the marine engine line. The marine engineers are still moving on in the perfection of the compound engine. The triple expansion system is now being in-troduced on vessels as small as 300 tons, with a decided saving in fuel over the two cylinder I compound. d t believe, however, that the three cylinder triple expansion system will show much saving on engines below 400 horse-power, but am confident that three engines working on one shaft, with cranks set at 130° give the best results as to the regularity of speed, and uniform strains on the main shaft. of the marine engine builders of this country have lately constructed boilers with shells 14 feet in diameter and calculated for a safe working pressure of 165 lbs. , and to be connected to triple expansion engines. The two vessels for the White Star Line just commenced by Messrs. Harlan & Wolffe, Belfast, Ireland, will have boilers to carry 165 lbs. of steam with perfect safety. The engines will be of the triple expansion type, and will be run at high rotative and piston speeds, being the most powerful yet dc,, signed. It is said these engines are something over 14,000 horse-power and yet all this energy is to be fastened to the hull of a vessel that v-"' offer anything but the rigid, foundatir' the landsman nearly always fin(' and,- 7 thi,soin, 

******************************************************Mid of blank spot ********************************************

_*************************************************************8-2-25

o

 May 8, 1886 pg 10   AMERICIA MACHINIST

the bored hole for shaft to a true vertical position, then draw a circle of the same diameter as wheel to be measured; on this lay off a certain part of the whole, making it as large as possible, and have the end of bucket cover it. Now measure vertically from the points that mark the ends of the space laid off on the circle. The difference in the height of the edge of bucket at these two points will be to the pitch as the space is to the whole circle. If the space is 3, of the circumference and the difference in the two measurements is one foot, the pitch is 12'. This is only for a straight pitch. 
Auxiliary Steam Power in Sailing Vessels. 
In our June 3, 1882 issue, we noted some observations regarding this subject, in the light of hopeful experiments that were then being made. A number of sailing vessels were then being equipped with auxiliary steam power and the promoters of the experi-ments looked for results, that, without inter-ference with the usual business of steamships, would point the way to an important and profitable addition to the American merchant marine. These experiments, according to our information gathered in shipping circles, have not resulted favorably, at least so far as sup-plying sailing vessels with auxiliary steam-power in the strict sense of the phrase is concerned. For useful information on this subject, we are indebted to Mr. Henry H. Sinclair, of New York, Captain George W. Tucker, Mr. James TI. Winchester, and other gentlemen. Capt. tucker informs us that his firm • are part owners in a sailing vessel which three years ago was equipped with auxiliary steam-imwer furnished by a prominent firm of marine et 'gill° builders. The vessel was full bark-rig-god, having three masts, with yards on two of them . She registered when equipped with aux-i I iary steam, 750 tons, with carrying capacity of about 1,150 tons. Her steam-plant consisted ►1 single-acting condensing engine, K'x30" cylinder, of about 175 nominal horse-power, and two boilers. The shaft was 8" in diameter, and 21' long. The trade she en-gaged in was regular trips between the ports of Now York and Buenos Ayres, South America, with oecnsional extensions of the trig) from tlm WW1' Dort to gild from RoNario. 
discharging at New York, while the $50 sav-ing in towage at Buenos Ayres accrued to the charterers and not to the ship :

SAVING BY USE OF AUXILIARY STEAM-POWER. 
Earning capacity of entire vessel, 1,150 tons, increased one-third by 30 days saved in running time, estimated worth $3,150 Saving in towage in and out of N. Y., average  60 Proportionate saving on use of steam, 2 trips to Rosario out of 5 voyages, average 5 days, estimated worth   $525 Less only cost of coal  90 
Making net  Estimated saving in wages of one man at sea  Saved on hoisting in port  Total saving in round trip $3,845 Balance in favor of auxiliary steam per voyage of 4,i mos  778 It will be noticed that the incidental Rosario trips account for most of the saving, and that cost of repairs has not yet entered into the comparison. This result, while showing a money balance in favor of auxiliary steam, was not regarded as sufficient to offset the extended overhauling and repairs, including replacement of boilers, that were sure to come. The steam plant was therefore removed and sold, the net result of the experiment being, of course, a loss. While the auxiliary steam-power employed in this vessel proved insufficient to be of much service in bad weather or on dangerous coasts, the vessel steamed readily 150 to 165 miles a day on several occasions during a calm. It was thought the propeller resist-ance hindered the ship from half a knot to one knot per hour, according to the fordo of the breeze. In further explanation, it should be said that, while the vessel could always get its cargo promptly at New York, the South American shippers could not be induced (doubtless, in some cases, were unable) to get their cargo made up any more promptly than in the case of an ordinary sailing vessel, the average stay in the South American port being 45 days. The remark was frequently made by shippers there that time was " no great object," and that the ship was " 1110 v11(411►04 storelionao" they could double engines, having 20" high pressure cylinder, 36" low pressure cylinder, and 30" stroke of both. Her boilers are two in number, and built after the latest Scotch pattern, being 10' 3" long and 8' diameter each. The engines and boilers were built by Neafie & Levy, of Philadelphia, have 410 nominal horse-power, and cost complete about $30,000. Under steam the coal con-sumption averages seven tons in 24 hours. It was believed that 450 tons of coal would be sufficient to run the vessel to the east coast of Africa and back, steaming on the average one-half the time. The steam department gives employment to six men, the total number of hands required on the vessel being 17. In addition to her steam plant, the Jeanie carries full power spars and canvass, having a four-masted schooner rig, with spars 90 feet long. The dimensions of the vessel are 186 feet keel, 38 feet beam and 18 feet hold. Her propeller is two bladed, with provision for placing perpendicularly when not in use While subsequent experience shows the Jeanie to be well adapted to the east African trade, the breaking out of the Zulu war and other financial troubles in that country prevented her from ever being employed in that service, and she was accordingly transferred to the trade between New York and the West Indies. Her trips are made under continuous steam, the sails being employed only as auxiliary, the course of the vessel Dever being varied in order to use them. While her owners would not have designed this vessel expressly for that service, her performance is entirely satisfactory, the vessel averaging more than two voyages to a sailing vessel's one. Had her owners proposed originally to build the Jeanie for West Indian trade, they would have augmented her steam power and given her less sail. Capt. Winchester estimates that the Jeanie'8 entire steam plant, including shaft and coal bunkers, occupies a cargo space equivalent to 1,000 barrels, worth $700 to $1,000 for the round trip to the West Indies. Even at " the present low rates for freight," the vessel makes more money for her owners than she could do under sail, in fact, making money where a sail vessel would lose it. While her owners would not consider such a vessel suited to the trade between New York and California, they believe she would be as adapted to ply between San lerancisco am builder of marine engines of our western lake service, that shows conclusively that with engines of 48" stroke, and 86 revolu-tions per minute, developing 800 horse-power, the gain by jacketing was less than 2; per cent.; less than $1.25 for each twenty-four hours, and calculating the actual running time in a year, the saving was about $180. The cost of the jackets was about $500, and the repairs on them in one year was $80, leaving a very small financial gain for a vast amount of trouble. The cost of coal on the lakes is from $2, to $2.50 per ton trimmed on board, but even if it were $4.50 per ton, a steam jacket under such circumstances would make a very small saving for the ship-master. The relative proportions of the steam cyl-inders of compound engines must be fixed according to the steam pressure and average point of cut off to be used. The usual pro-portion for 100 lbs. initial pressure is 31 y to 1 in area. The old proportion for a press-lire of 90 to 100 lbs. was 4 to 1 in area, the diameter of the low pressure cylinder being generally made twice the diameter of the high pressure cylinder. Continued practice, however, developed the fact that the terminal pressure in the low pressure cylinder was too low when this pro-portion was used, calculating of course from an economical point of cut off at the high pressure cylinder; the terminal often fell below three pounds, and six pounds is low enough for the final pressure, when it is re-leased to the condenser. Where there is no jacketing, a terminal of nine pounds will show about the same result as a jacket working with a low terminal, so I believe in a moderately high average press-ure in the low pressure cylinder, as its walls are then kept warm without the use of the jacket, and this system can be used with economy up to 600 horse-power, and I think the turning point showing any decided gain by jacketing will be found on engines de-veloping more than 700 horse-power. I have referred to the marine engine fre-quently in speaking of the compound system, as this service has developed this type of engine in many forms, after it was once abandoned by the best builders of stationary or land engines, and the marine engine build-o•t4 ar(1 very far in advance of the stationary engine builders of to-day. There are nimlerti ma•iml enginem now in ************************************************************************************************************************pg 7 bott

 "'an' ono knot per hour, according to the form, of' power furnished by IL prominent Il•in of marine engine builders. The vessel was full bark-rig-ged, having three masts, with yards on two of them . She registered when equipped with aux-iliary steam, 750 tons, with carrying capacity of about 1,150 tons. Her steam-plant consisted of a direct single-acting condensing engine, 18"x30" cylinder, of about 175 nominal horse-power, and two boilers. The shaft was 8" in diameter, and 21' long. The trade she en-gaged in was regular trips between the ports of New York and Buenos Ayres, South America, with occasional extensions of the trip from the latter port to and from Rosario, about 200 miles further up the Uruguay River. Kerosene oil, chairs and lumber were among the chief articles of freight out of New York, while hides formed an important Hein in the return cargo. In all, five round trips were made, the Rosario trip being added to two of them. Capt. Tucker says his running time for ten passages averaged 44 to 45 days, making three months running time for the round trip, with about six weeks additional spent in port, the entire voyage averaging 4 months, though one voyage recorded the ex-ceptional time of 3 months. The steam was only used when there was not wind enough for the sails, this occurring mostly in the tropics. Capt. Tucker believes the Buenos Ayres trade includes sufficient use for auxiliary steam to make it a very fair test for that method. On this basis, as compared with subsequent performances of the same vessel, after removal of her machinery, the expense of maintaining her auxiliary steam-power is summed up as follows, without charging anything to repairs : 

EXPENSE OF MAINTAINING AUXILIARY STEAM POWER. Cargo space displaced, 150 tons, valued at 13 cts. per cu. ft. out and of that rate back, estimated worth for the round trip, N. —;„ Buenos Ayres and return $1,225 Wages of engineer, assistant and 1 fire-ml.-n, total $165 per month, for 4 
742 Aug,. $4   700 ,-,t , of steam plant, 4; mos  300 l'ste and packing  100 stile  during round trip $3,067 
Against this should be set the following, no living being made in lighterage, loading or 
the breeze. In further explanation, it should be said that, while the vessel could always get its cargo promptly at New York, the South American shippers could not be induced (doubtless, in some cases, were unable) to get their cargo made up any more promptly than in the case of an ordinary sailing vessel, the average stay in the South American port being 45 days. The remark was frequently made by shippers there that time was " no great object," and that the ship was " the cheapest storehouse" they could find for their goods, their custom being to make drafts on consi2nees for the value of shipments as soon as made. This, in fact, appears to have been the chief cause of the virtual failure of the steam plant to render its use profitable. It is not doubted that the auxiliary steam would have been retained had its advantages at sea been supplemented on land by the facilities which were freely accorded to regular " steam-ers." This serious disadvantage was often further complicated by the impatience of con-signees in New York, who, misled by the words " auxiliary steam," looked upon the vessel as a " steamer," and expected steamer speed. Nor would South American shippers, while usually willing to accord the preference at the same rates, consent to allow the vessel any better than sailing vessel rates. As a matter of opinion merely, Capt. Tucker thinks schooner rigging would be preferabi for a vessel equipped with auxiliary steam. I to also thinks increasing the size of the vessel would be advantageous, thereby making the steam machinery occupy relatively less space. 

EQUAL STEAM AND SAIL POWER. An experiment of quite a different kind is found in the experience of the Jeanie, owned by J. H. Winchester & Co., of New York, the vessel having substantially what may be termed equal steam and sail power. During several years this firm had occasion to dis-patch a vessel every two months around the Cape of Good Hope to ports on the south-east coast of Africa. The trade being pros-perous, the firm concluded it would support two steam vessels, and the Jeanie was built with This end in view. Her registered ton-nage is 1,075, and her carrying capacity 1,600 tons, her steam equipment being sufficient to affoe full load in smooth water, with-out tf s a speed cr nine knots an them ' hour, nro-kicIPO )91-v; 
Capt. Winchester 4.slinintem Clint the entire steam plant, including shalt 1111d coal bunkers, occupies a cargo space equivalent to 1,000 barrels, worth $700 to $1,000 for the round trip to the West Indies. Even at " the present low rates for freight," the vessel makes more money for her owners than she could do under sail, in fact, making money where a sail vessel would lose it. While her owners would not consider such a vessel suited to the trade between New York and California, they believe she would be as well adapted to ply between San Francisco and the Sandwich Islands, as for the East African trade for which she was built. Altogether the experience afforded by this vessel seems to indicate a more satisfactory solution of the problem of combining steam and sail for long voyages, than has yet come to our notice. 
Compound Engines for Stationary or Factory Purposes.

 
BY WILLIAM H. HOFFMAN. THIRD PAPER. 
There are several reasons for compounding an engine ; one important reason is, that as the steam engine is a heat motor, the initial pressures can be as high as safety will permit, and lubricants will operate. There need be no trouble about any of the -,ackings, as they can all be metallic. These high pressures of steam keep it partially dry at least, and the cylinders hot, thus prevent-ing a large amount of cylinder condensa-tion. There is very little gain in compounding a steam engine if the initial steam pressure is to be below 85 lbs. After going to the extra expense of permanently separating the boiler from the condenser by the introduction of the intermediate high pressure cylinder, we must look for most of the other gains in the increased number of expansions, and to do this we must have an initial pressure of about 100 lbs.; this pressure will insure thirteen ex-pansions with the work well taken out of the steam. In practice I have found very little gain in jacketing cylinders with a diameter less than 18 inches for the high pressure, and 30 inches for the low pressure:.,!‘ie .e small engines in their jackets lieecled„ 41. f-
(I I think theNurning point sin ing an deci(1,(1 ►gain by jacketing will be found on engines de-veloping more than 700 horse-power. I have referred to the marine engine fre-quently in speaking of the compound system, as this service has developed this type of engine in many forms, after it was once abandoned by the best builders of stationary or land engines, and the marine engine build-ers are very far in advance of the stationary engine builders of to-day. There are modern marine engines now in operation, developing from 750 to 850 horse-power, making an average of 165 revolutions per minute, receiving an initial pressure of 160 lbs., and having a piston speed of 675 feet per minute and running continuously for thirty hours with less fuel consumption than any stationary compound engine within my knowledge. Now if we should go to the stationary engine builder, with a specifica-tion covering a case like the above, and add that he must transmit this power through a shaft 8 or 9 inches in diameter, and 80 feet long, or more, he would probably say that we were asking him to build an engine under extraordinary conditions ; yet this is now con-sidered small work in the marine engine line. The marine engineers are still moving on in the perfection of the compound engine. The triple expansion system is now being in-troduced on vessels as small as 300 tons, with a decided saving in fuel over the two cylinder I compound. d t believe, however, that the three cylinder triple expansion system will show much saving on engines below 400 horse-power, but am confident that three engines working on one shaft, with cranks set at 130° give the best results as to the regularity of speed, and uniform strains on the main shaft. of the marine engine builders of this country have lately constructed boilers with shells 14 feet in diameter and calculated for a safe working pressure of 165 lbs. , and to be connected to triple expansion engines. The two vessels for the White Star Line just commenced by Messrs. Harlan & Wolffe, Belfast, Ireland, will have boilers to carry 165 lbs. of steam with perfect safety. The engines will be of the triple expansion type, and will be run at high rotative and piston speeds, being the most powerful yet dc,, signed. It is said these engines are something over 14,000 horse-power and yet all this energy is to be fastened to the hull of a vessel that v-"' offer anything but the rigid, foundatir' the landsman nearly always fin(' and,- 7 thi,soin, 

******************************11************************Mid of blank spot ********************************************

 pg-9-top  MAY 8, 1886 AMERICAN MACHINIST inspect of this till the law decrees it. Public sentiment may be sufficient to force the P7bp-tion of automatic couplers in England, but it is not likely to be effective here, unless it is backed by legislation. 
WARM-BLAST STEAM-BOILER FURNACES A RE

port upon a series of trials of an apparatus for transferring a part of the heat of escaping clue gases to the furnace, by warming the entering air. By J. C. Hoadley. New York : John Wiley & Sons, New York. Price $1.50. The record of these trials will be found of unusual interest to engineers. As the author intimates, their value is not only in showing what can be accompli' '"), but as well in what can not be done. 1,:ose who are likely to adopt devices recommended as saving more of the heat from a boiler furnace than is lost, can, from a perusal of this book,' fortify themselves against being imposed upon by the arguments generally used in such cases. The object of the tests was to ascertain the quantity of heat escaping through the chim-ney, how much of this could be utilized, and by what means anC qt what expense, and to obtain information in any way relating to or bearing upon the subject. The problem was a difficult one, and its solution required con-siderable time, and much patient and careful work. The methods employed and the results obtained are carefully detailed and illustrated by the author, whose well-known ability for conducting experiments in this direction will give his conclusions a scientific as well as practical value. 
(199) F. P. M., Rochester, N. Y., writes :

1. I want to construct a rack and gear for a planer. How shall I determine the dimensions ? A.—In the present state of the art of building planers it would be foolish to attempt to apply figures to such a problem. A little observation will enable you to see what dimensions give satisfactory results. These dimensions have been arrived at experi-mentally, and if you begin by figures you will un-doubtedly do some costly experimenting. 2. If wrought iron or steel is used, what difference can be made in dimensions? A.—That will depend upon quality of material. Perhaps a fair estimate would be that the wrought iron or steel would be fifty per cent. stronger. 3. How can I figure the power required to run the planer light ?

A.—You can only determine this experimentally. It will depend largely upon construction. (200) J. IL, Winona, Minn., asks : 1. How many feet of heating surface is allowed per horse-power in vertical boilers where the exhaust is used to assist the draft? A.—Generally from 7 to 10. 2. What power boiler would be required for an engine with an 8y," cylinder, 300 feet piston speed, 100 lbs. boiler pressure,the engine having a slide valve with-out lap,exhaust cavity line, and line, 1" exhaust noz-zle? A.—We suppose you mean with very little lap. If you use a valve with no outside lap you will be likely to be troubled with excessive back pressure An engine, such as you describe, could probably be driven to from 25 to 30 horse-power, and as it would be the reverse of economical, the boiler should not have less than 10 feet of heating surface per horse-power. 3. In the ordinary direct-acting steam pump does steam follow full stroke ? A.—Yes, substantially. (201) 0. M., Titusville, Pa., asks : 1. Questions regarding property in patents which he should submit to some attorney skilled in patent law. 2. Can a crank be made to automatically change its length to suit varying loads, by being moved towards or from the center ? A.—It may be possible to devise a way for accomplishing this, but we do not think it would be of any practical utility. 
USITIESS z    Under this head we propose to answer questions sent us, pertaining to oUr specialty, correctly, and according to eommon-sense methods. Reery question, to insure any attention, must invari-ably be accompanied by the writer's name and address. If so requested, neither name, correct initials, nor loca-hon will be published. 
 

( Soo AMERICAN MACI1ININT of 001,0►o• It.,, 1851. 2. WInut is ►ro-role/we I .1. In a steam engine, 11' pre-11,101140 !norms soly1,111,11.; It lo 1.11110011 1111,101, Of g of LIM ntillalltit val,ive ►oforo rotiPlo, 1,1111 Of its titrOhO, 3. Whitt Ito l,ie Itriltilll IOW, la .•. The of lin! hto ll on hi, 111i►ar1,011 lo ow, 1.1110.1 oor is 
PECIRS Transient Advertisements 50 cents a line for each insertion under this head. About seven words make a line. Copy should be sent to reach us not later than Wednesday for the ensuing week's issue. • Alt,  M °chain leal Engraver on Wood, 318 Wway., NY T. M. Parker, Steel Stamps, Stencils, I lartford,Ct. .1. Clayton,Air Com pressors,ltock Dey st,N Edw. Soars, Wood Engraver, 48 Bookman st., N.Y. Steel Name Stamps, etc,. .1. II. Roney, Lynn, MOLeS. 11114,11, 11,1111 Slone Nall Wm. A. swooiser, itroek ten, (Mims. l'aehIng, for T. R. Jackson will erect a five-story factory, 50x84 feet, at 527 West Twenty-second street, New York. Torrey & Co., will build a 62x75 foot factory, five stories high, at 60 Medford street, Boston. B. W. G rant, Longview, Ga., will build a shingle mill at Tallulah, Ga. S. S. Ward will start a machine shop at Eufaula, Ala. 
D. R. Wing & Co., are building a new foundry at Little Rock, Ark., 60x150 feet. The Delaware Rolling Mill, at Boonton, N. J., contemplates making extensive repairs. B. F. Wallis, Bellbuckle, Tenn., will soon erect a plow factory. Haradon & Chapman, Milford, Mass, expect to double the capacity of their machine shop. The Baldwin Locomotive Works are building thirteen engines a week. Chas. Miller & Son, Utica, N. Y., are about to erect a lead pipe factory. Will be ready for work about Sept. 1. The Ashland (N. II.) Knitting Company will erect a hosiery mill, 111x54 feet, two stories high, at the above-named place, and employ about 100 hands. The business men of Nashville, Tenn., have or-ganized an association to promote local manufac-tures. 
R. L. Cobb & Co., Little Rock, Ark., will remodel their machine shop and foundry, erect new build-ings and put in some new machinery. The $10,000 Knights of Labor shoe factory, Lynn, Mass., has started, with J. R. Nagle, of Salem, manager. 
Hudson, Mass., is to have a woollen mill built by Lowell, Mass., people if the town will vote a ten-year tax exemption. Felt's machine shop and foundry, Peterboro, N. II., has been sold to a Brooklyn (N. Y.) man who will employ thirty hands on knitting machinery. Larkin & Ribbeck have erected at New Iberia, La., a building 60x150 feet, for manufacturing boilers. 
The Benedict and Burnham Company will build large additions to their tubing mill and rolling mill at Waterbury, Conn. Armitage, Herschel & Co., of Tonawanda, N. Y., contemplate extensive repairs and enlargements of their already extensive machine shops. The Coe Brass Manufacturing Co. ity, of Tor-rington, Con►., will build a new brio, id stone building, 27\ 1W feet, II, Klxc A •o eperal 1 ve 1►010, ftwtory tot West od way, M►►s., Is 11,11411111,11,11,1111 at VallVatirl of the town rol.,,I11, .0111.1.14 to the  

The Brenham (Tex.) Banner says : " One hun-dred men are now at work in the railroad shops at Palestine, Tex. Not more than one-third of the men formerly in the shops have been taken back ; the others will have to go to other places for em-ployment. The Paris Manufacturing Company, South Paris, Me., have completed the plans for their new fac-tory, to replace the buildings lately destroyed by fire. It is to be a one-story building, 600 feet long and 65 feet wide, with brick partitions between the rooms. 
Special Bulletin No. 2, issued by the Armington. & Sims Co., Providence, R. I., gives directions for setting up, starting and running their engine. It is printed on satin finish white paper in the best style of typographic art. The directions are plain and to the point. The large addition to the Baker's Falls Iron and Brass Works, at Sandy Hill, N, Y., has been com-pleted, and the company will soon place additional machinery therein, also in the main building the largest iron planer north of the city of Albany. Business is very brisk. The Dickson Mfg. Co., Scranton, Pa., are building eight one thousand horse-power boilers, weighing 60 tons each. Single sheets of steel are used for the shell, which is 90 inches diameter. The boilers are for the Calumet & Hecla Mining Company. They are also building seven blowing engines for one party. The shops are full of work. Gen. John A. Logan is to be president of the Chi-cago Repeating Fire Arms Co., a new corporation that will erect a facto'. ,t Grand Crossing, in that city. The works will ou_,upy about six acres of ground, and are expected to have a capacity to pro-duce annually about 50,000 magazine rifles, 10.00 shotguns, and 50,000,000 cartridges. The Eaton, Cole & Burnham Co., Bridgeport, Conn., are putting up a three-story addition to their factory, about 60x60 feet, to be used for ship-ping and assembling purposes. The company con-template making extensive additions to their iron and brass foundry, the decision as to time depend-ing upon the course of business through the sum-mer. 0. E. Hughes is putting up a machine shop and foundry at Aberdeen, Dakota, the city having do-nated land for the purpose and use of the water from their artesian well for power, which will be supplied by a water motor. Aberdeen already has a large feed mill running from the power of the well, and soon will have their electric lights run-ning from the same power. The Brown Hoisting and Conveying Machine Company, of Cleveland, Ohio, of which Mr. Alex. E. Brown, C. E., is vice-president, reports orders in hand beyond their present capacity. The company will shortly erect shops equipped with the latest and most improved machinery, that will enple them to keep pace with their present and rapidly increasing business.—Railway Review. 'Pion Taunton Gazette says " there is no doubt l'r►m what 1.1411 1,0 loim,0,1 that Cho 001,1,011 Mann fikic-,,rs of Now England have pooled their issues******************************************************************************************************************************

finder this head we propose to 11 ',Hirer questions sent us, pertaining to our specialty, correctly, and according to common-sense methods. Every question, to insure any attention, must invari-ably be accompanied by the writer's name and address. If so requested, neither name, correct initials, nor loca-tion will be published. 
(194) J. S., Fremont, Ohio, writes : 1. Give me a rule for computing compound gearing for lathes ? A.—See AMERICAN MACHINIST of October 15, 1881. 2. What is pre-release ? A.—In a steam engine, if pre-release means anything it is the con-dition of exhaust brought about by the opening of the exhaust valve before the piston reaches the end of its stroke. 3. What is the British unit of heat ? A.—The quantity of heat which must be imparted to one pound of water of a temperature just above the freezing point to increase its tem-perature one degree Fahrenheit. 4. Can a rail-road machinist go on the road as engineer without other than shop practice ? A.—No. 5. How is malleable iron made ? A.—You will find a brief description of the process in the AMERICAN M ACHIN-IST of August 4, 1883. 6. What are the " proper-ties " of steam ? A.—The properties of steam, so-called, are anything which relate to its conditions, as temperature, density, etc. • (195) In Question 143, 1,3- should be sub-stituted for 3, which would give the height of the triangle 4.7694 feet, and the area 
4.7694 X 8 7.1541 feet. 2 
The contents would be 7.1541 x 16 9.836 feet. — 12 In last paragraph of Question 152, the product of 104 x 12 2-7 equals 1277.714. (196) A. L., New York, asks : how inany horse-power will a 16" double leather belt running from a 66", at 100 revolutions, to a 44" pulley, trans-mit with safety ? A.—We should say that, if pul-leys are not less than 16 feet apart, such a belt should comfortably transmit about 60 horse-power. (197) J. S. L., Allentown, Pa., writes : We have a 20" double belt running over a 60" pulley, which makes 160 revolutions per minute. This drives a 48" pulley. The belt is perpendicular. What power will it transmit ? A.—You neglect to give the distance apart of the shafts. Vertical belts are not satisfactory in their operations. We should expect that with centers 16 feet apart you could satisfactorily transmit above 60 horse-power. 2. We have a 12" double belt running over a 54" pulley, at 200 revolutions per minute, to a 32" pulley. How many horse-power will this transmit? A.—We understand the belt to be horizontal, in which case, if the centers are as far apart as in the seceding instance, this belt ought to transmit 70 , „ -)t^ ,198) "I. B., Brooklyn, N. Y., asks : What ,ze boat. ;ill a 4"x5" engine drive at a speed of nili-6 miles per hour ? A.—Such an engine will be right for a boat about 30 feet long and 6 feet beam, but the arrangement will have to be good to get a speed of utile mites, 

USII1ESS 

PECIRS 
Transient Advertisements 50 cents a line for each insertion under this head. About seven words make a line. Copy should be sent to reach us not later than Wednesday for the ensuing week's issue. 
Alt, Mechanical Engraver on Wood, 318 B'way., NY T. M. Parker, Steel Stamps, Stencils, Ilartford,Ct. J. Clayton,Air Compressors,Rock Drills,43 Dey st,NY Edw. Sears, Wood Engraver, 48 Beekman st., N.Y. Steel Name Stamps, etc. J. B. Roney, Lynn, Mass. Tack, Wire and Shoe Nail Machinery. Wm. A. Sweetser, Brockton, Mass. Selden Packing, for stuffing-box, with or without rubber core. Randolph Brandt, 38 Cortlaudt st., NY The Best Upright Hammers run by belt are made by W. P. Duncan & Co., Bellefonte, Pa. Light articles built to order by the American Sew-ing Machine Co., Philadelphia, Pa. R. Dudgeon, 24 Columbia st., New York, Improved Hydraulic Jacks and Roller Tube Expanders. Pattern and Brand Letters. Vanderburgh, Wells & Co., cor. Fulton and Dutch sts., New York. Foot-power Machinery, for workshop use, sent on trial if desired. W. F. & Jno. Barnes, Rockford, Ill. Improved Labor-saving Upright Drills, 20-in. to 36-in., inclusive. Currier & Snyder,Worcester,M ass. " Morrison's Practical Engineer." A comploto treatise (200 pp.) on steam and general mach. Mai led on receipt of $1. W.A.Morrison, Box 373, Lowell, M ass Engine Lathes, Hand Lathes, and other flue tools, Assortment large ; prices low. Frasse & Co., 62 Chatham st., N. Y. E. Merritt & Co., Brockton, Mass., established 1859, only manufacturers of a complete line of Tack and Nail Machinery. Send for circulars. Files recut without drawing temper, about one-half usual prices ; samples recut free ; prices on application. The Acme Co., Collinsville, Conn. Curtis Pressure Regulators, Curtis Return Trap Curtis Damper Regulator. See May 1, p. 10. Send for circular No. 17. Curtis Reg. Co., Boston, Mass. " Complete Practical Machinist," $2.50 ; "Mechan-ical Drawing Self-taught," $4. Books for work-men. Joshua Rose, Box 3306. New York City. 
Bound Volumes of the AMERICAN MACHINIST for the years 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884 and 1885. These volumes are strongly bound in cloth, and will wear well. Price $3.50 each ; express charges additional. AM. MACHINIST PUB'G CO., 96 Fulton st., N. Y. St. John Improved Self-adjusting Cylinder Pack-ing, for marine and stationary engines and locomo-tives ; applicable to water, air, oil and ammonia pumps. For durability and minimum of friction, it is ' unexcelled. Send for pamphlet. Address, Bal-ance Valve and Piston Packing Co., room 58, 280 Broadway, New York. Patent Binders for the AMERICAN MACHINIST, holding a complete volume (52 issues), simple, neat, durable. Price $1, prepaid, to any part of the United States by mail. To Canada or foreign coun-tries the price will be 75c. ; purchasers pay express charges and customs duties. AM. MACHINIST PUB'G CC, . 96 Fulton st., N. Y. yindicator Practice and Steam Engine Economy." r F. Ti-,,,,nway. Contains plain directions for -)r,d making all required carcu-„ more Econe ; also the principles of Cl, an- any otiiee engines, and current pro Book •Outairit_ tr. boilers. Price, $2, pos', hi Sons, 15 Astor ,s`C 33 JOHN gv•REFT, N, 

1,11'1'11. 1∎1111111,11► 11 1.1111• Irr,V11 WIII NI►11• IL 1.1 11 IAA OS.11,1101011. 
K'nit's n►tollino shop and foundry, l'oto•boro, N. II., has been sold to a Brooklyn (N. Y.) man who will employ thirty hands on knitting machinery. Larkin & Ribbeck have erected at New Iberia, La., a building 60x150 feet, for manufacturing boilers. 
The Benedict and Burnham Company will build large additions to their tubing mill and rolling mill at Waterbury, Conn. Armitage, Herschel & Co., of Tonawanda, N. Y., contemplate extensive repairs and enlargements of their already extensive machine shops. The Coe Brass Manufacturing Company, of Tor-rington, Conn., will build a now brick and stone building, 27x150 foot in size. A co-operative boot factory at West Medway, Mass., is planned, and a canvass of the town for sub-scribers to the stock of the company is afoot. F. Scholes will put up two buildings for manufac-turing purposes at foot of Ross street, Brooklyn, N. Y. They will each be 17x50 feet and two stories high. 
It is said that all the mills at Fall River are soon to change their running time and allow but forty-11 ye minutes at noon, stopping half a day on Satur-days. 
C. B. Demarest will erect a four-story brick fac-tory on Kent avenue near Grand street, Brooklyn, N. Y. It will be 46x82 feet, and will be heated by steam. 
The Knights of Labor of Phillipsburg, N. J., have formed a co-operative stove manufacturing com-pany. They have purchased the old Robinson car-riage factory for their business. 
Work has been commenced on the Savannah, Dublin and Western Railroad in Georgia. The company will erect shops, probably at Dublin.—Baltimore Manufacturers' Record. W. E. Caldwell, of Louisville, Ky., will build a two-story metal-covered machine shop and ware-house on the south side of Main, between Brook and Floyd streets. At the annual meeting,the town of Burnham, Me., voted to give away or sell at a nominal price a val-uable water-power and several acres of land to any person who will come there and improve the same. Joshua Register's Sons, of Baltimore, have pur-chased land at the junction of the Baltimore and Ohio, Philadelphia branch, and the Union Railroad for the erection of a foundry. Mr. Thomas Henry, Jr., & Co., have commenced operations on a fine cotton-spinning mill to be erected on Trenton avenue and Tioga street, Phila-delphia. The estimated cost of the plant is $70,-000.—Textile Record. 
It is reported that W. 0. Atwood, of Guilford, Conn., has awarded the contract for building a silk mill, 110x45 feet, three stories high, with a tower 15x20, four stories high. There will also be engine, boiler and dye houses. The Railway Review, in its issuq of .h it 17, pub-lishes a number of items phi's-r=esent busi-ness of Cleveland, 01- j. Most of them reported ' than 
&
wor. 0. E. Ilughos is putting up a 111/1,011110 shop and foundry at Aberdeen, Dakota, the city having do-nated land for the purpose and use of the water from their artesian well for power, which will be supplied by a water motor. Aberdeen already has a large feed mill running from the power of the well, and soon will have their electric lights run-ning fi-om the same power. The Brown Hoisting and Conveying Machine Company, of Cleveland, Ohio, of which Mr. Alex. E. Brown, C. E., is vice-president, reports orders in hand beyond their present capacity. The company will shortly erect shops equipped with the latest and most improved machinery, that will enable them to keep pace with their present and rapidly increasing business.—Railway Review. The Taunton Gazette says " there is no doubt from what can be learned that the cotton manufac-turers of New England have pooled their issues and effected a combination for practical use in case of strikes or labor troubles of any kind. It was this that caused the cessation of trouble at the Bates mill in Maine a short time ago. There is little reason to doubt that the mills lying idle in New England to-day are drawing from the general fund to recompense them for the silence of their machinery." The 2Etna Iron Works, of Quincy will be removed to Chicago on the 1st of June. The company is now building a factory for the manufacture of archi-tectural and structual work in iron and steel for public and private buildings and other construc-tions. One building, 52x235 feet in area and two stories high, of wood and iron, is now in process of erection. A specialty will be made of a new steel casting. Both crucible and homogeneous steel will be made. One hundred and fifty men will be em-ployed. A press dispatch from Philadelphia, dated April 19, says : " Several new blast furnaces are to be built. Rolling mill capacity is to be increased to a small extent. Lower iron and steel quotations are improbable. Nails are $2.25 to $2.50, and demand active. Wrought-iron pipe mills are oversold. Steel rail mills are booking orders for the fall at thirty-five to thirty-six dollars. But little foreign iron is arriving. Contracts were placed this week for 30,000 tons of foreign material. The carriage and wagon manufacturers of the New England and Middle States are busier than they have been for three years. The demand for all kinds of ma-chinery for the West and South is heavy, and ma-chine shops are making full time, though in very few cases are their orders for delivery beyond 60 days." Plans and specifications for the location of an ex-tensive steel plant at Hammond, Ind., are nearly ready, and contracts will soon be let. There will be a nail factory, 336x120 feet, with a capacity of 1,300 kegs of nails per day ; a plate and blooming mill, 75x225 ; warehouse, 150x80 ; blacksmith and machine shop, 135x40 ; producer house, 130x50 ; keg factory, 125x40 ; bluing house, 60x30 ; boiler house and office building. These buildings will be brick, and fireproof throughout. There will be 12, ton open-hearth furnaces, one blooming mill, or nail mill, and other necessary machinery re in the steel works. These works will r• outia,A7 "e about $400,000. Operatiomv as goon as contracts are let. Cs: - 

finder this head we propose to 11 ',Hirer questions sent us, pertaining to our specialty, correctly, and according to common-sense methods. Every question, to insure any attention, must invari-ably be accompanied by the writer's name and address. If so requested, neither name, correct initials, nor loca-tion will be published. 
(194) J. S., Fremont, Ohio, writes : 1. Give me a rule for computing compound gearing for lathes ? A.—See AMERICAN MACHINIST of October 15, 1881. 2. What is pre-release ? A.—In a steam engine, if pre-release means anything it is the con-dition of exhaust brought about by the opening of the exhaust valve before the piston reaches the end of its stroke. 3. What is the British unit of heat ? A.—The quantity of heat which must be imparted to one pound of water of a temperature just above the freezing point to increase its tem-perature one degree Fahrenheit. 4. Can a rail-road machinist go on the road as engineer without other than shop practice ? A.—No. 5. How is malleable iron made ? A.—You will find a brief description of the process in the AMERICAN M ACHIN-IST of August 4, 1883. 6. What are the " proper-ties " of steam ? A.—The properties of steam, so-called, are anything which relate to its conditions, as temperature, density, etc. • (195) In Question 143, 1,3- should be sub-stituted for 3, which would give the height of the triangle 4.7694 feet, and the area 
4.7694 X 8 7.1541 feet. 2 
The contents would be 7.1541 x 16 9.836 feet. — 12 In last paragraph of Question 152, the product of 104 x 12 2-7 equals 1277.714. (196) A. L., New York, asks : how inany horse-power will a 16" double leather belt running from a 66", at 100 revolutions, to a 44" pulley, trans-mit with safety ? A.—We should say that, if pul-leys are not less than 16 feet apart, such a belt should comfortably transmit about 60 horse-power. (197) J. S. L., Allentown, Pa., writes : We have a 20" double belt running over a 60" pulley, which makes 160 revolutions per minute. This drives a 48" pulley. The belt is perpendicular. What power will it transmit ? A.—You neglect to give the distance apart of the shafts. Vertical belts are not satisfactory in their operations. We should expect that with centers 16 feet apart you could satisfactorily transmit above 60 horse-power. 2. We have a 12" double belt running over a 54" pulley, at 200 revolutions per minute, to a 32" pulley. How many horse-power will this transmit? A.—We understand the belt to be horizontal, in which case, if the centers are as far apart as in the seceding instance, this belt ought to transmit 70 , „ -)t^ ,198) "I. B., Brooklyn, N. Y., asks : What ,ze boat. ;ill a 4"x5" engine drive at a speed of nili-6 miles per hour ? A.—Such an engine will be right for a boat about 30 feet long and 6 feet beam, but the arrangement will have to be good to get a speed of utile mites, 

USII1ESS 

PECIRS 
Transient Advertisements 50 cents a line for each insertion under this head. About seven words make a line. Copy should be sent to reach us not later than Wednesday for the ensuing week's issue. 
Alt, Mechanical Engraver on Wood, 318 B'way., NY T. M. Parker, Steel Stamps, Stencils, Ilartford,Ct. J. Clayton,Air Compressors,Rock Drills,43 Dey st,NY Edw. Sears, Wood Engraver, 48 Beekman st., N.Y. Steel Name Stamps, etc. J. B. Roney, Lynn, Mass. Tack, Wire and Shoe Nail Machinery. Wm. A. Sweetser, Brockton, Mass. Selden Packing, for stuffing-box, with or without rubber core. Randolph Brandt, 38 Cortlaudt st., NY The Best Upright Hammers run by belt are made by W. P. Duncan & Co., Bellefonte, Pa. Light articles built to order by the American Sew-ing Machine Co., Philadelphia, Pa. R. Dudgeon, 24 Columbia st., New York, Improved Hydraulic Jacks and Roller Tube Expanders. Pattern and Brand Letters. Vanderburgh, Wells & Co., cor. Fulton and Dutch sts., New York. Foot-power Machinery, for workshop use, sent on trial if desired. W. F. & Jno. Barnes, Rockford, Ill. Improved Labor-saving Upright Drills, 20-in. to 36-in., inclusive. Currier & Snyder,Worcester,M ass. " Morrison's Practical Engineer." A comploto treatise (200 pp.) on steam and general mach. Mai led on receipt of $1. W.A.Morrison, Box 373, Lowell, M ass Engine Lathes, Hand Lathes, and other flue tools, Assortment large ; prices low. Frasse & Co., 62 Chatham st., N. Y. E. Merritt & Co., Brockton, Mass., established 1859, only manufacturers of a complete line of Tack and Nail Machinery. Send for circulars. Files recut without drawing temper, about one-half usual prices ; samples recut free ; prices on application. The Acme Co., Collinsville, Conn. Curtis Pressure Regulators, Curtis Return Trap Curtis Damper Regulator. See May 1, p. 10. Send for circular No. 17. Curtis Reg. Co., Boston, Mass. " Complete Practical Machinist," $2.50 ; "Mechan-ical Drawing Self-taught," $4. Books for work-men. Joshua Rose, Box 3306. New York City. 
Bound Volumes of the AMERICAN MACHINIST for the years 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884 and 1885. These volumes are strongly bound in cloth, and will wear well. Price $3.50 each ; express charges additional. AM. MACHINIST PUB'G CO., 96 Fulton st., N. Y. St. John Improved Self-adjusting Cylinder Pack-ing, for marine and stationary engines and locomo-tives ; applicable to water, air, oil and ammonia pumps. For durability and minimum of friction, it is ' unexcelled. Send for pamphlet. Address, Bal-ance Valve and Piston Packing Co., room 58, 280 Broadway, New York. Patent Binders for the AMERICAN MACHINIST, holding a complete volume (52 issues), simple, neat, durable. Price $1, prepaid, to any part of the United States by mail. To Canada or foreign coun-tries the price will be 75c. ; purchasers pay express charges and customs duties. AM. MACHINIST PUB'G CC, . 96 Fulton st., N. Y. yindicator Practice and Steam Engine Economy." r F. Ti-,,,,nway. Contains plain directions for -)r,d making all required carcu-„ more Econe ; also the principles of Cl, an- any otiiee engines, and current pro Book •Outairit_ tr. boilers. Price, $2, pos', hi Sons, 15 Astor ,s`C 33 JOHN gv•REFT, N, 

1,11'1'11. 1∎1111111,11► 11 1.1111• Irr,V11 WIII NI►11• IL 1.1 11 IAA OS.11,1101011. 
K'nit's n►tollino shop and foundry, l'oto•boro, N. II., has been sold to a Brooklyn (N. Y.) man who will employ thirty hands on knitting machinery. Larkin & Ribbeck have erected at New Iberia, La., a building 60x150 feet, for manufacturing boilers. 
The Benedict and Burnham Company will build large additions to their tubing mill and rolling mill at Waterbury, Conn. Armitage, Herschel & Co., of Tonawanda, N. Y., contemplate extensive repairs and enlargements of their already extensive machine shops. The Coe Brass Manufacturing Company, of Tor-rington, Conn., will build a now brick and stone building, 27x150 foot in size. A co-operative boot factory at West Medway, Mass., is planned, and a canvass of the town for sub-scribers to the stock of the company is afoot. F. Scholes will put up two buildings for manufac-turing purposes at foot of Ross street, Brooklyn, N. Y. They will each be 17x50 feet and two stories high. 
It is said that all the mills at Fall River are soon to change their running time and allow but forty-11 ye minutes at noon, stopping half a day on Satur-days. 
C. B. Demarest will erect a four-story brick fac-tory on Kent avenue near Grand street, Brooklyn, N. Y. It will be 46x82 feet, and will be heated by steam. 
The Knights of Labor of Phillipsburg, N. J., have formed a co-operative stove manufacturing com-pany. They have purchased the old Robinson car-riage factory for their business. 
Work has been commenced on the Savannah, Dublin and Western Railroad in Georgia. The company will erect shops, probably at Dublin.—Baltimore Manufacturers' Record. W. E. Caldwell, of Louisville, Ky., will build a two-story metal-covered machine shop and ware-house on the south side of Main, between Brook and Floyd streets. At the annual meeting,the town of Burnham, Me., voted to give away or sell at a nominal price a val-uable water-power and several acres of land to any person who will come there and improve the same. Joshua Register's Sons, of Baltimore, have pur-chased land at the junction of the Baltimore and Ohio, Philadelphia branch, and the Union Railroad for the erection of a foundry. Mr. Thomas Henry, Jr., & Co., have commenced operations on a fine cotton-spinning mill to be erected on Trenton avenue and Tioga street, Phila-delphia. The estimated cost of the plant is $70,-000.—Textile Record. 
It is reported that W. 0. Atwood, of Guilford, Conn., has awarded the contract for building a silk mill, 110x45 feet, three stories high, with a tower 15x20, four stories high. There will also be engine, boiler and dye houses. The Railway Review, in its issuq of .h it 17, pub-lishes a number of items phi's-r=esent busi-ness of Cleveland, 01- j. Most of them reported ' than 
'‘T 

wor. 0. E. Ilughos is putting up a 111/1,011110 shop and foundry at Aberdeen, Dakota, the city having do-nated land for the purpose and use of the water from their artesian well for power, which will be supplied by a water motor. Aberdeen already has a large feed mill running from the power of the well, and soon will have their electric lights run-ning fi-om the same power. The Brown Hoisting and Conveying Machine Company, of Cleveland, Ohio, of which Mr. Alex. E. Brown, C. E., is vice-president, reports orders in hand beyond their present capacity. The company will shortly erect shops equipped with the latest and most improved machinery, that will enable them to keep pace with their present and rapidly increasing business.—Railway Review. The Taunton Gazette says " there is no doubt from what can be learned that the cotton manufac-turers of New England have pooled their issues and effected a combination for practical use in case of strikes or labor troubles of any kind. It was this that caused the cessation of trouble at the Bates mill in Maine a short time ago. There is little reason to doubt that the mills lying idle in New England to-day are drawing from the general fund to recompense them for the silence of their machinery." The 2Etna Iron Works, of Quincy will be removed to Chicago on the 1st of June. The company is now building a factory for the manufacture of archi-tectural and structual work in iron and steel for public and private buildings and other construc-tions. One building, 52x235 feet in area and two stories high, of wood and iron, is now in process of erection. A specialty will be made of a new steel casting. Both crucible and homogeneous steel will be made. One hundred and fifty men will be em-ployed. A press dispatch from Philadelphia, dated April 19, says : " Several new blast furnaces are to be built. Rolling mill capacity is to be increased to a small extent. Lower iron and steel quotations are improbable. Nails are $2.25 to $2.50, and demand active. Wrought-iron pipe mills are oversold. Steel rail mills are booking orders for the fall at thirty-five to thirty-six dollars. But little foreign iron is arriving. Contracts were placed this week for 30,000 tons of foreign material. The carriage and wagon manufacturers of the New England and Middle States are busier than they have been for three years. The demand for all kinds of ma-chinery for the West and South is heavy, and ma-chine shops are making full time, though in very few cases are their orders for delivery beyond 60 days." Plans and specifications for the location of an ex-tensive steel plant at Hammond, Ind., are nearly ready, and contracts will soon be let. There will be a nail factory, 336x120 feet, with a capacity of 1,300 kegs of nails per day ; a plate and blooming mill, 75x225 ; warehouse, 150x80 ; blacksmith and machine shop, 135x40 ; producer house, 130x50 ; keg factory, 125x40 ; bluing house, 60x30 ; boiler house and office building. These buildings will be brick, and fireproof throughout. There will be 12, ton open-hearth furnaces, one blooming mill, or nail mill, and other necessary machinery re in the steel works. These works will r• outia,A7 "e about $400,000. Operatiomv as goon as contracts are let. Cs: - 

 pg-10-top  MAY 8, 1886  AMERICAN MACHINIST 

MAY 8, 1886 _AMERICiA_ MACHINIST

pg 10 [MAY 8, 1886 
Machinists' Supplies and Iron. 
NEw YORK, April 22, 1886. Business is dull. The demand has been almost entirely of a retail character, and buyers are con-servative, and unwilling to increase thefrstock_be-yond present need. Iron—In American pig the week's business has been very unsatisfactory. No. 1 X, Foundry, at tide water, $17.00 to $17.50; Standard, Lehigh and North River, $18.00 to $19.00 ; Grey Forge, $16.00 to $16.50. Scotch Pig—Quiet and steady. Coltness, $20.25 to $20.50; Glengarnock, $19.50 ; Gartsherrie, $19.50 to $20.00 ; Summerlee, $20.25. Lead—Market demoralized at 4.60c. 
*WANTED 
" Situation and Help" Advertisements, 30 cents a line for each insertion under this head. About seven words make a line. Copy should be sent to reach us not later than Wednesday morning for the ensuing week's issue. 
Wanted—Situation by first-class machinist, on vise, lathe and planer. Address J. A. D., Am. MA-CHINIST. Situation by Al draftsman ; wide experience ; posted in all details of shop and office work. Ad-dress Chicago, Au. MACHINIST. Wanted—A position as foreman boiler maker. Can furnish the best of reference as to character and ability. Address, R. C. R., AMERICAN MACHINIST. Wanted—A competent man to manufacture ful-minate of met'cury and load cartridge primers. State age, experience, etc., with expectations. Address, box 7, AMERICAN MACHINIST. Situation wanted by a first-class machinist and tool-makes ; understands thoroughly the charge of men ; a good draftsman. Address F., Am. MA-CHINIST. Wanted—An experienced machinery salesman ; must have a thorough knoWledge of all classes of mining machinery, and a large acquaintance throughout the mining districts of the West ; one who can put some money into the concern pre-ferred. Address L., AM. MACHINIST. Wanted—Superintendent for a large and pros-perous machine works (located in a large western city) manufacturing engines, boilers and mining machinery. Must be able to invest several thous-and dollars as we wish him to be identified with the concern. Address, giving experience and refer-ences, W M., AMERICAN MACHINIST. Wanted—Superintending Mechanical Engineer to take charge of the Canadian Locomotive and Engine Co.'s Works, at Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Must be competent to undertake the construction of locomo-tive, stationary, marine, pumping, hoisting engines, etc., etc., in fact, all the work of a general engineer-ing establishment. Apply, stating age, experience, references. and salary wanted, to Wm. Harty, Managing Director. 
+ MISCELLANEOUS WANTS . Advertisements will be inserted under this head at 35 cents per line, each insertion. 
The Crescent Steel Tube Scraper is lilt, Cros-(lout Mfg. Co., Cl►voland, Ohio. Light miLeil'y of id! Iclodm II l'on-nIngton& Mills, M at ,.11,1'fil,y CILy Ilelg ts, N. .1. Mffis I for mill to BRADLEY'S u;SRIII:EilD46THE DEANE STEAM PUMP CO. HOLYOKE, MASS. HELVE BUILD HAMMER 1110:11 WORE: ENGINES 

Combines all the best elements es• sential in a first-class Hammer. Has more good points, does more and better work and costs less for re-pairs than 
any o.lier Hammer in the World. 
BRADLEY& CO. Syracuse, N.Y. 

STERM PUMPING Send for Catalogue No. 18. MACHINERY.  
THE BROWN HAMMER STRIKES A BLOW WITH DOUBLE THE VELOCITY That it Rains The Hammel% A NEW MOVEMENT 1 SEND FOR DESCRIPTION. KNOWLTON MFG. CO., King St., Rockford, 111. 
BEAUDRY'SUPR!CHI CUSHIONED 

„ By far the Best. Blow Accurate. Powerful and Elastic 
Will Inerease the _ - - ..- Profits of any Shop. - 13 11....A.I.T1)1ZY &Z CUNNING-BOSrON. MASSACHUSETTS. 
W JOHNS IttitESTOS. 
Roofing, Building Felt, Steam Packings, Boiler Coverings, Fire Proof Paints, Cements, Etc. Samples and Descriptive Price Lists Free. H. W. JOHNS M'F'G CO., 87 MAIDEN LANE, N. Y. 175 Randolph St., Chicago; 170 N. 4th St., P iladelph'z.. 

HE DUPLEX INJECTOR 
THE BEST BOILER FEEDER K NO WN Not, Ilahin •to put Mit 01 ...•. ••-• • .... 
Ericsson Hot Air Pumping Engine OVER 5,000 IN USE 
For lifting water to upper floors of buildings, city or country. Arranged to burn either Coal, Gas, Wood or Gasoline Gas. 1\■o boiler I No steam 1 No engineer Absolutely safe C. H. DELAY' A9P-1ER, ' CO., ( Delamater Iron Works) Warerooms : 16 CorfZandt St., N. Y. 
THE M. T. DAVIDSON IMPROVED STEAM PUMP 
MANUFACTURED BY 
Regular Pump.DAVIDSON STEAM PUMP COMPANY. 
W A RPIEN " I) BEST PUMP MADE FOR ALL SITUATIONS. 
PRINCIPAL OFFICE, No. 77 LIBERTY STREET, N. Y. 
NEW ENGLAND OFFICE, 51 OLIVER STREET, BOSTON, MASS. 
\ GUILD & GARRISON, BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
STEAM PUMPS, VACUUM PUMPS, AIR COMPRESSORS. NEW CATALOGUE NOW READY. *

**********************************************************

who (101 itoitt.►it ierrod. Address L., Am. M N 1ST. Wanted—Superintendent for a large and pros-perous machine works (located in a large western city) manufacturing engines, boilers and mining machinery. Must be able to invest several thous-and dollars as we wish him to be identified with the concern. Address, giving experience and refer-ences, W M., AMERICAN MACHINIST. Wanted—Superintending Mechanical Engineer to take charge of the Canadian Locomotive and Engine Co.'s Works, at Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Must be competent to undertake the construction of locomo-tive, stationary, marine, pumping, hoisting engines, etc., etc., in fact, all the work of a general engineer-ing establishment. Apply, stating age, experience, references. and salary wanted, to Wm. Harty, Managing Director. 
.1• MISCELLANEOUS WAVY'S .1. Advertisements will be inserted under this head at 35 cents per line, each insertion. 
The Crescent Steel Tube Scraper is king. Cres-cent Mfg. Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Light mach'y of all kinds built at short notice. Pen-nington & Mills, 8 Dey st., Jersey City Heights, N. J. Son i for estimates of high-speed compound en-gines for stationary and marine service. Crist Engine Works, 140 Baxter street, N. Y. Useful information steam users and engineers 100 page book on care, etc., of boilers. Send 25 cents in stamps. J. N. Mills Pub. Co., 30 Vesey st., N. Y. Special tools and machines for mfg. designed and built to order ; mechanical and Patent Office draw-ings. Weston & Smith, Syracuse, N. Y. Tabor indicators ; one pair in box, with full set of springs ; • all in good order ; will be sold for $100 cash. Address B., Box 99, An. MACHINIST. Boiler shop needed in a manufacturing town in New York State ; excellent opportunity for a live man ; advertiser willing to aid in securing orders. Address Box 8, An. MACHINIST. For Sale Cheap—One new 15y,x10 ft. bead back-geared screw-cutting lathe, power cross-feed, 11-16 hole through spindle, Jones & Lamson make. Ad-dress Box 421, Mount Holly, N. J. For Sale—Book giving the wheels for cutting screws on any lathe, single or compound gearing. Price, 50 cents. D. J. Mallory, P. 0. box 29, Dayton, Campbell Co., Ky. For Sale—One new 20.1 swing 12-foot bed engine lathe. One new 13 " Merriman bolt cutter. Full description on application. Address, box 886, New Haven, Conn. M. Martin, manufacturer, P. 0. Box 285, New Brunswick, N. J., will contract for the manufacture of articles in brass and other metals (stamped or turned), and dies and tools for making same ; also patent novelties, electrical inventions, special ma-chinery castings, etc.; estimates cheerfully given. 
FOR SALE. 
A Well-known Machine Shop in a Mantitateturilvr City, N EAR BOSTON. Capacity, 30 "'lianas. Now MAKING MON I.Y. Death causes sale. Address, 1+:71:Er TAMIL, care Am. Machinist. 

Ily far the Hest. Blow Accurate. Powerful and Elastic 
0 Will Increase the  = Profits of any Shop. 13 .11.:A.I.T13R-Y & CUNNI1VGI-IAM, BOSTON. MASSACHUSETTS. 
We JOHNS TARSABDEESTORSx Roofing, Building Felt, Steam Packings, Boiler Coverings, Fire Proof Paints, Cements, Etc. Samples and Descriptive Price Lists Free. H. W. JOHNS M'F'G CO., 87 MAIDEN LANE, N. Y. 175 Randolph St., Chicago; 170 N. 4th St., P iladelph`z. 

THE DUPLEX INJECTiR THE BEST BOILER FEEDER KNOWN, Not liable to get out of order. Will lift water 25 feet. Always delivers water hot to the boiler. Will start when it is hot. Will feed water through a heater. Manufactured and for sale by JAMES JENKS & CO., Detroit, Mich. 
PATENT UNIVEIMAL C.CIZEW- CUTTING-, CENTRE, DEPTH, ANGLE AND TWILIT DRILL GAUGE. J. WYK E & CO , Fine Machini,ts' Tools, E. BOSTON, MASS. Send for circular. 

021g:1210, 

pATENT on I tivinullian1111111H11111111111allf LLAI1ER HUCK 
1\t'll311111 
Self-Adjusting. 
Combine valuable feat-ures offered by no other tool In range of opening; advantage ofself-adjusting jaw worked by a single screw; graduated base, etc. Parts interchangeable. Chucks guaran teed. Sold by the trade, Send for Catalogue. MELVIN STEPEEITS, rrop'r, Office, 41 Dey Street, New lock. 
FINE BUSINESS OPENING 
For a Practical Machinist with a specialty to manufacture, together with g' neral jobbing business. We have a well equipped Machine Shop, with tools and power to lease. Our large foundry adjoining can be rentea if desired, with a fair business assured. One year's rent and probably more could be paid in machine work. Some financial aid given if necessary, to responsible parties with moderate capital. Good references required. HARRIS MFG. CO., Rutland, Vt. 
ANNOUNCEMENT ! 
We have just issued a new and very complete 111u8- trated Cafceloyue, which we will be pleased to snail to our patrons and others on application: KNOWLES STEAM PUMP WORKS, 93 Liberty Street, New York, 44 Washington Street, Boston. 

Itegular Pump. 
TVA 
Solid Steel Drawing Tacks, by mail cts. per dozen, also manufacturers of steel, iron and brass. Set and Machine Screws. Small Routine articles of every description. HENRY & =SW, 81 Pine St., New Haven, Conn. 
VACUUM PUMPS, AIR COMPRESSORS. N (1.1'1',1 14;/ )11, 
FOR SALE AT A BARGAIN. 
A well established and good paying machine she and foundry, including buildings, lots, machiner and stock, situated in Leadville, Col. The bus - Write ness will be carried on until sold, thus at once i for giving a profitable trade to the purchaser. Address, I Illustrat-A. FALKENAU, ed Care of Dickson Mfg. Co., I Circular. Scranton, Pa. --Only reason for selling, ill health. Pat. Sept. 25, 188:3. 
EMERY-WHEEL TOOL Four Sizes. 
Guaranteed Satisfactory 

GRINDER. SPRINGFIELD GLUE & EMERY WHEEL CO., Springfleld,Mato 
DRAWING INSTRUMENTSI 
Send for 72-Page ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE. 
WM. T. COMSTOCK, 6 Astor Place, New York. 

CITIARS RED AND BROWN. For painting. ROOFS, I, AMORY and FARM BUILD-INGS. FENCES, IRON WORK, EXPOSED BRICK WALLS, &c. made of Pure Linseed Oil and highest grades of Iron Oxide. Send for liAreulaEr. Address W. . STWART, 74 (1°14-Intuit street, New York. READY ROOFING, for now roofs. 
ON THE 
CARE OF BOILERS. THE FIREMAN'S GUIDE. A hand-book on the 
Care of Boilers. Translated and revised by KARL P. DAHLSTROM. Third edition, live, cloth. PRICE, FIFTY CENTS, POST-PAID. E. ac F. N. SPON, 35 Murray St., New York, Publishers of Mechanical Books. 
..p-,ters of td-ribu-7.0 0 U1 I ); 
COOKE & CO 
•9 Dealers in Machinery and Supplies 
22 CORTLANDT ST., NEW YORK, Agent, for McDANIEL'S SUCTION FITTING For Correcting Poor Circulation in Steam Pipes. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED. 

Write for Prices and Mention this Paper 
JOINERY SECOND-HAND, FOR SALE 
One 36"x38"x12' POND PLANER. One 20"x 10' LINCOLN LATHE. One 16"x 6' STAB. LATHE. 
One 23"x 8' NEW HAVEN LATHE. One 1,1"x 5' s'I'A It 14411•11E. 2 NEW OPEN DIE RIVET MACHINES. 
THE HENDEY MACHINE COMM TORRINGTON, CONN. ( 
BEST CRATE BAR EVER INVENTED. • o °0°00°0°0 Oco (:)o o o 00 

0_00_0 20 „,0 0 0 u0 0 '-'00c`-:00('-;00(:;-'0 00'00(`-; 

0 
THIS BAR was fully illustrated and de-scribed in the Amerig,e_ .;slachinist bear-ing date March 27, 1818,, For Pull Particulars and ,,to make it, Address JOHN G. isv °on & CO., 56 West Market Street, 7e, Pa. 

 ANIMMINIM111.1:. 
BETTS MACHINE ,44. WILMINGTON, 1 MAKERS OF 
:Metal. working Macklin, 
F f3UP Pt (DR. Q. TT V-17 '`vr FOR USE IN 

Nif 

 AIM 
FOR SALE AT A BARGAIN. 
A well established andgood paying machine shop and foundry, including buildings, lots, machinery and stock, situated in Leadville, Col. The busy-ness will be carried on until sold, thus at once giving a profitable trade to the purchaser. Address, A. FALKENAU, Care of Dickson Mfg. Co., Scranton, Pa. Only reason for selling, ill health. 
1.11111146 
Send for 72-Pagt, ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE. 
WM. T. COMSTOCK , Aolor - New liorli• 
EMERY-WHEEL TOOL GRINDER. 
Four Sizes. 
Guaranteed Satisfactory 

SPRINGFIELD GLUE & EMERY WHEEL CO., Springfleld,Mas4 ters of diribu---. F1 o „, c,f, ,.., ,„, 
Write for Illustrat-ed Circular. Pat. Sept. 25, 1883. 

111 

  & <

  "

  "

pg-11,top

 pg-11-top  MAY 8, 1886  
MAY 8, 1886   AMERICAN MACHINIST 
pg-11 
NICHOLSON FILE CO., 
SOLE MANUFACTURERS OF 
FILES AND RASPS 
HAVING THE INCREMENT CUT. Also, FILERS' TOOLS AND SPECIALTIES. Nicholson Idle Co.'s Files and hasps, " Double Ender" Saw Files, " Slim "Saw Files, " Racer " Itasps. Ilandb.d Ilifllers Machinists' Scrapers, File Brushes, File Cards, Surface File Holders, Yise File dolders, Stub Files and folders, lmproled But chers' Steels. Manufactory and Cflico at PROVIDENCE, R. I., U. S. A. 
THE hmiCOCK INSPIRATOR.  THE STANDARD 
BOILER FEEDER FOR ALL CLASSES OF BOILERS. OVER 75,000 IN USE. Send for Circulars and Price Lists. THE HANCOCK INSPIRATOR ., 
OFFICE, 33 INDIA WHARF, BOSTON, MASS. 
HE NEW `: CRESHAM" T Automatic PATENT Re-Starting INJECTOR 

" Invaluable for use in T action, Farm, Portable Ma-rine and Stationary Boile of all kinds. No handles required. Water supply v y difficult ta break. Capa-c:) (t1 bility of restarting automatically immediately after in-terruption to feed from any cause." 
a"-Send for Catalogue. Reliable and Cheap. 
Sole Manufacturers in the United States and Canada, NATHAN MANUFACTURING CO. Nos. 92 and 94 Liberty Street, New York. 
3Cstablished. In 1874. 

CLEVELAND TWIST DRILL CO. Force Blast Rotary Blower 
24 and 26 Wes Street, Cleveland, 0. 191 Chambers Street, New York. 85 Queen Victoria St., London, Eng. 
I NDICATOR1 PRACTICE 
4irthrn rri tv:rtri ErsainftrvIti 
REDUCED PRICES OF LECOUNT'Sce STRAIGHT TAIL DOG. No. INCH. PRICE. No. INCH. PRICE 1 % $0.60 $1.35 2  .70 1.45 3 1 .70 12... 3 .... 1.60 .80 1.80 5 1V4.... .80 14....4 .... 2.10 6 13X4.... .95 2.75 7 14.... .95 16....5 ... 3.25 8  1.10 4.10 o53 3 9 2 .... 1.20 18....6 .... 5.00 1 Set to 2 in. 7.80 Full Set ....MAO 

C. W. 
South Norwalk, Coml.. ITALIA 

BIER PISTON PUMP 
laurable, Mfficien.t. HALL STEAM PUMP Co., 91 LIBERTY ST., NEW YORK. 
The only Reamer goat rr iii kerp ilea size. and atm ays make a straight hole. As easily sharpened as a Lathe Tool. Syracuse Twist Drill Co., TITIF: CANNON C !TUC I( TIVGIIFLI WEIE SYRACUSE, N. Y. 

 WAT A. SPECIALTY. IVICI_A_11-19(.. Lill POND ENGINEERING CO. Cor'sp'd'ce  
 CHIME OF 
and Supplies sent free to any address on receipt of ten cents in stamps (for postage). Chas. A. Strelenger & Co ,Wood Ave., Detroit, Mich. 
Mrs,  Inauguration of the New Series. 1886. Thirteenth. 1886. 
CINCINNATI  INDUSTRIAL EXPOSITION, 
Opens Sept. 1st. Closes Oct. 9th. 'nu! n►ard o1 Coillmissioners proposc to in:ilce 1/s //u 71 Nymlem, 'Else le.•prementative Exhitotimi DA III-.1.,,try am' .1 r1. Manufacturos Art Inventions Products. 
 
No. 0. GRINDING MACHINE, FOR LIGHT WORK, TOOL GRIND-
ING, ETC. TAKES EMERY WHEEL TO 12 IN. IN DIAM-ETER. 3%" ARBOR, 

AND PEDESTAL ON WHICH TO MOUNT ANY OF OUR SMALLER GRINDING MA-CHINES IN ABSENCE OF BENCH ORDI-NARILY USED. 
0 m 0 0 3 r• 
St:BASTIAN, MAY  Improvod Screw Cutting 
root or Power Lathes 
****************************************************************************************

1' anlotnntIcally Inimpdhitoly iinor , l'crd frov. iy cause. 
if-Send for Catalogue. Reliable and Cheap. 
Sole Manufacturers in the United States and Canada, 
NATHAN MANUFACTURING CO. Nos. 92 and 94 Liberty Street, New York.  
94 and 26 Wes,;. Street, Cleveland, 0. 191 Chambers Street, New York. 85 Queen Victoria St., London, Eng. 
lEt Co 400 'Jr S Force Blast Rotary Blower FOR FOUNDRIES, SMITH SHOPS, PNEUMATIC TUBES, VENTILATION, ETC. 
SLOW SPEED, POSITIVEBLAST, PERFECTLY BALANCED, Best Mechanical Construction. P. H. & F. M. ROOTS, Manufacturers, CON N EILS V I 1.1,E, S. S. TONE% Gen, AO, 22 Cortlaildt St, COOKE & CO., Selling Aglis, YEW YORE, 
In Writing, Please Mention Th is Paper. 
INVENTono and MANUFACTUIZERS, Writo for largo pam-phIPI conlaininw I'. S. PATENTsOFFICE nULEO of Practice. F.B.Brock. solicitor of .washingtim, P.(1 
INDICATOR PRACTICE Oteaffi Engige Economg 
By F. F. HEMENWAY. CONTAINS plain directions for using the indica-tor, and making all required calculations from the diagram ; also the principles of economy in operating steam engines. and current practice in testing engines and boilers. Table of Contents mailed on application. PRICE $2.00, Post Paid. FOR SALE BY JOAN WILILY & SONS, I i Astor Place. New York. 
SPEED INDICATORS. 
These little Pocket indi-cators are ac-curate and re-liable and should be found in every mill and manufactory, and every machinist and millwright should have one. Sent post paid, on receipt of price, $1.00. R. WOODMAN, 169 High St., Boston. 

6i7.e. Pat. 18 Sept. 1. 76. 

Grinding Fiachine No. 3. Price, $17.50. two Wheels 9 inches Diameter. wi, 
"IDIALIVICONI) EMERY WHEEL 
9 Grinding, Polishing and Buffing ACIIINEI Y, Using Wheels in size from 6 to 42" diameter. Largest variety manufactured under one Company. 
Send for Illustrated Catalogue. 
Diamond Emery Wheel & Machine Co., 22 WARREN ST., NEW YORK. J. A. MAcKINNON, MANAGER. 
teteetting ir". WHY THIS IS PUT HERE! 
, 198) ., i , ,- irested,,; ,y steam a raisin:; iismi n4, prover, water orwish tot oo other ' --i. I i C For the reason that it you are NEw onsomETER ze 1,,osit  „.1.Vattention to the " ti ,A,HE CHEAPEST AND BEST W.' M PUltr,r IN 111 , '''',ES LOWER THAN ANY OTHER, Ili,  More Efficient, Simple, Durable, and more Econc ,l, both as to running expenses and repairs, than arty..othq t. "-mp. Call or write for our new so pig, Illustrated Des', 1ptive.yook COutaim. ... attietilars,Redueed Net Prices, and hundreds of A-1 Testimonials. Mailed Free. ....  '''s 
• ■••••■• 
CINCINNATI  
INDUSTRIAL 
EXPOSITION, 
Opens Sept. 1st. Closes Oct. 9117. The Board of Coi;unissioners propose to make this display, the .first of the 11510 system., The Representative Exhibition of In-rr dustry at - Art. Manufactu s—Art—Inventions--Products. 
Open to the World. 
fifety- The honorable record attained by these Expositions since iS7o, under the auspices of the Chamber of Commerce, Board of Trade and Ohio Mechanic's' Institute, will be fully maintained. NO COMPETITIVE AWARDS. XII Articles Nvill be Entered for Exhibition Only. For full particulars, address L. H. McCAM MON, Secretary. 
Joshua Roses Great Treatise on:team:limos 
IN PRESS FOR EARLY PUBLICATION. MODERN STEAM ENGINES.-An elementary treatise upon the Steam Engine, written in plain language, for use in the workshop as well as in the drawing office •, giving full explanations of the construction of modern Steam Engines, including diagrams showing their actual operation ; together with complete but simple explanations of the operations of various kinds of valves, valve motions, link motions, etc., thereby enabling the ordinary en-gineer to clearly understand the principles involved in their construction and use, and to plot, out their movements upon the drawing board. By Joshua Rose, M.E., author of " The Complete Practical Machinist." Illustrated by over 400 enixravings. In one volume, quarto, 320 pages. Price $6.00, free of postage to any address in the world. Subscriptions will now be received, payable on publication. W‘' A Prospectus showing' the contents of this maq-mfleent book now ready, and will be sent to any one who will furnish, his address to HENRY CAREY BAIRD Si Co, Industrial Publishers, Booksellers and Importers, 810 Walnut Street, PHILADELPHIA. PA.. T. S. A.  The BERRA-MAN i'atent 

• • . 
PULSOMETER STEAM PUMk" ,,`C. -13 JOHN Ftiv-REFT, N4 v; 
FEED WATER eater & Purifier, 
MANUFACTURED BI 
I. B. Davis & Son, Hartford, Con. This heater has been in constant use over ten years. Nono have ever re quired repairs. Gives the highest ro-sults attainable by the USE of exhaust steam, 
BENJ. P. KFT.LEY, Agent, 
of prEW YORK. 

r..11 1%,►1tIC, 111t1N1)- IN11, E'•r. TA K ES I;11 ICRY WHEEL TO 12 IN. IN DIAM-ETER. 3%" ARBOR, 

A N 1' 111, ()II II Mit A 1.1,1:11 (JUIN MA CHINES IN II!'1,NCI: IIENCII ORDI-NARILY USED. 
In 
z m O 
3 r• 
SEBASTIAN, MAY & COMPANY'S Improved Screw Cutting 
Foot or Power Laths 
Catalogue of Lathes, Drill Presses and Machinists' Tools and Supplies mailed on appli-cation. Lathes on Trial. 167 W. Second St., Cincinnati,() 
"THE ONLY PERFECT" BUFFALO Portable Forges, 
The Lightest, Strongest, Most Durable, Easiest Working, and in every way THE BEST Portable Forge Made, 
Buffalo Forge Co., 
BUFFALO, N. Y. 
Worthington Independent Condenser. 
Efficient, Safo and Inexpensive . HENRY R. WORTHINGTON, New York, Boston, Cincinnati, Chicago, St. Louis, San Irancisco. 

  "

  "

pg-12;top

  MAY 8, 1886 12 MACHINIST   MAY 8, 1886  MERITS PROVEN BY 20 YEARS' CONSTANT USE. 
SAFE BOILERS. 
Address, Harrison Safety Boiler Works, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 
ONEIDA STEAM ENGINE & FOUNDRY CO., ONEIDA, N. Y, 

MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF LATHE AND DRILL CHUCKS, Under Westcott's Patent. SEND FOR CATALOGUE. 
Little Giant Improved. 
CAPACITY. Inches. 1,.;o. 00 holds 0 to 1-4 ,  O to 1.2 I 66 0 to b8 2 0 to 1 2 1-2 " 0 to 1 
46 

MECIX1CAULZEWS I WOOD-WORKING MACHINERY 
BOILER CLEANER Takes out all mud. and scale-forming properties from the water of Steam Boilers, keeping it clean and free from all impur-ities. Send for circular. Manufactured by E.W. Van Duzen, Cincinnati, 0 

For Planing Mills, Fur-nzture,Chair and Cabinet Factories,Cabinet Works andGeneral Wood-Work-ing. Send Stamp for Il-lustrated Catalogue to ROLLSTONE MACHINE CO., 45 Water St., FITCHBURG, MASS • 
Patent Flexible Back Hack Saw for Machinists' Use. 

Selden 's Patent Packillgs 

Recommended by Leading Engineers for Steam and Hydraulic Use. 
Made either with or without Rubber Core. Randolph Brandt, 38 Cortlandt St N. Y. 
Made of best band Steel. The teeth only are hardened by an entirely new process, the back remaining soft and flexible. Warranted not to break. Send for sample and circular. En-dorsed by The Pratt & Whitney_ Co., John Henney, Jr., Supt.Motive Power, IN. Y., N. H. do H. R. R. and others. _HENRY G. THOMPSON & SONS, New Haven, Conn. 151 Leonard St., N. Y. 
Office of James Renshaw, Mechanical Engineer; Mill and Miling Machinery and En giheers' Supplies. Butte, Montana, Randolph Brant, February 22, 1884. In answer to your Inquiry in reference to the Selden Packing, I can say that, having used a great deal of it in almost every situation. and for J., long time, and since sold a great deal to other users, I can testify to i is merits. Where one packingis to be used for packing against both steam and water, I know of none equal to it. That with rubber core I have found excellent for high temperatures. While there are several really good packings in the market, yours need "take no buck seat," with any. Yours truly, JAMES RENSHAW. 
VOLNEY W. MASON & CO., Friction Pulleys, Clutches and Elevators, PROVIDENCE. R. I. 
Barnes' Foot-Power Machinery. Complete outfits for Actual Workshop Business. Read what a customer says  
• 
FOX, TU111".a & SPEED LATHES  AND 13R.A..SS TINIOLIEB13' 

JENKINS BROS.' VALVES, GATE, GLOBE. ANCL CH ECK AND SAFETY. MANUFACTURED OF BEST STEAM METAL. The Jenkins Discs used in these valves are manufactured under our 1880 patent and will stand 200 lbs. steam pressure. WE WARRANT ALL VALVES STAMPED  "JENKINS BROS." 
JENKINS BROS. 
71 jJlioi Street, NarstYoonrk, S END FOR. 
The Iiiifoliralielhuck CI-ItiT"jacbK.s 

for BrassFinishers' Use, Milling Machines, ScrewMachines,Up. right Drills, Cut. ting-Off Machines, Drill Lathes, and forBoringMills for Car Wheel and other work. 
THE E. HORTON & SON CO. 
Canal St., Windsor Locks. Conn., U.S.A. 
American Twist Drill Company's PATENT CHUCK JAWS. 

8Azes. Price per set of 4 Jaws, $40, 4048, $56. Bolted to lathe face plates, they make best and cheapest chuck in the world. Address orders 
IIILL, CLARKE A CO., Boston and St. Louis, MANNINO, MAXWELL A 810011E, N. T. City, TALLMAN MeFADDEN, PhiladPiphia, Pa., or WM. BING HAM A CO., Cleveland, Ohio. 
POP. Crosby Pop Safety-Valves 
• • ADAPTED TO MARINE, LOCOMOTIVE, STATTONARY, PORTABLE & FARM ENGINE BOILERS. 
CROSBY IMPROVED STEAM GAGES,  
And all Gages used in the various Arts. 
SINGLE BELL CHIME rISTLE.  
Its sound is pleasant and far-reaching. For Railroads, Mills and Factories. Also for Fire-Alarm Signals. Victory Lubricators, Amsler's Planimeters, Test Gages and Pumps, Scotch Gage Glass Water Gages. and all Steam Engine and Boiler appliances. We claim superiority of workmanship and pea - feet adaptation in l our products. 
Crosby St m Gage and Yalve Co. 
95 97 01,1 V Eit STUEET, BOSTON. CRANK PLANERS Superior Design & Workmanship, ktra Rimy MOO lbs.) DOWN, ANGULAR AND 0110138-FRED, TO PLANE 12x16x15. THE R.A. BELDEN CO.,DANBUIY, CT. 
WHITNEY'S NEW RATCHET. 
Has greater range than any two ratchets made, and at the trice of one. Send for circulars. VARIETY MACHINE CO., Warsaw, N. V. 
The Almond Coupling. 
A new quarter turn motion to replace quarter turn belts and bevel gears. T. R. ALMOND, Mfr., 83 1 81 Washington Street, BROOKLYN, N. Y. 
NEW SQUARE THREAD TOOL 
t WITH SAME HOLDER.casEe 
HARTFORD TOOL CO., HARTFORD, CONN, 

SHAPING MIIIIES 
For Hand and Power, 6/' 8" and 10" Stroke Adapted to All Classes of Work to Their Capacity, CIRCULARS FURNISHED. BOYNTON & PLUMMER Worcester, Mass. 
SMOOTH INSIDE & OUT. 
JOHN SICK 4 Fletcher St N.Y. 
***************************************************************************************

 Recommended by Loading Engineers for Steam and Hydraulic Use. Made either with or without Rubber Core. Randolph Brandt, 38 Cortlandt St "Y 
D14,4,11111111, 1,1111 1  11,111115 11,114 y 11 1111 1'.11 K111 err htipplh W. 111111,, Moniaanl Randolph Brant, February sal, . I, 14. In answer to your Inquiry i yference to the Holden Parking, I can say that, having used rat deal of it la ahoust situation. and for ii long tit 8101 sine. sold 16 weld 414411 to other users, I can testily to its mt.. Where one pnek I lig IN to be used for packing 8011118t both steam and water, I know of .none equal t( That with rubber core I have found excellent for high tem Ttures. While there are several really good packings in t :market, yours need "take no back seat," with any. Yours truly, JAMES RENSHAW. 
VOLNEY W. MASON & CO., Friction Pulleys, Clutches and Elevators, PROVIDENCE. R. I. 

Barnes' Foot-Power Machinery. Complete outfits for Actual Workshop Business. Read what a customer says': "Considering its capacity and the ac-curateness of your No. 4 Lathe, I do not see how it can be produced at such , low cost. The velocipede foot-power ' is simply elegant. I can tarn steadily for a whole day and at night feel as little tired as if I had been walking around." Descriptive Catalogue and Price List Free.W .F.8c JOHN BARNES Co. Address 1995 Main St.,Rockford, 
 AlliMENL  
Hartford Drill puck 
contains the maximum of power, durability and effi-ciency, and is fully guaran-teed. No. 1 holds from 0 to W, price $7. No. 2 (round body) holds from 0 to %", price $8. Sold by the trade Address, CUSHMAN CHUCK CO., 
HARTFORD, CONN. Manufacturer of all kinds cf Chucks Send for new Illus'd Catalogue. 
FOX, TURRET & SPEED LATHES 

,-.111111[1111111I1111111111111011111M11111iL"MillilM1116;11iiiiii  
AND BRASS FINISHERS' fro S, CAGE MACHINE WORKS, WATERFORD, NEW YORK. 
A UNIVERSAL WRENCH. 

BAUER'S PAT. 
SELF-ADJUSTING, SELF-GRIPPING, SELF-ACTING WRENCH, and TONCS. 
/ . 111 111111111111" Mr 141)4i1.11 

Grips from Largest to Smallest size. Get List from PAINE, DIEHL &.CO., 12 BANE ST., PIMA, PA. 
91111111111111.111111.■ 
Experimental and. New Machinery for Special Purposes 
MB-C.7=-IT 7..7"N=R CONTRACT From Specifications aria Inventors' Designs. AMPLE SHOP AND SHIPPING FACILITIES. • COHOES IRON FOUNDRY AND MACHINE CO., 11_ CORRESPONDENCE' SOLICI1E'_D. COHOES, Y.  MII.M=1=1■11111111I■ 
TO0 
IL PLANES 27 in. long ; 12 in. wide ; 8 in. high. I Machinists, Engineers, Model Makers and all classes of Mechanics can find TOOLS to suit them at Reduced Prices. 
IMPROVED POWER, OR Lig PLANER, 
A. J. WILKINSON & CO. 184 to 186 Washington Street, 
BOSTON, MASS. CATALOGUES FREE. 

DA PATEN i'NUTTHREADING*POINTING NIANUFACTUI.2 D SOLELY B r ICE CHIN 

,t lid an Gssgers nosed tit tho via 11 Dun A rtrs. 
SINGLE BELL CHIME WHISTLE. 
Its sound is plev sit and far-reaching. For illailro( „es, III ills and Factories. Also for Fire-Alarm Signals. Victory Lubricators. Amsier's Planimeters, Test Gages and Pumps, Scotch Gage Glass,Water Gages. and all Steam Engine and Boiler appliances. We claim superiority of workmanship and pet-feet adaptation in all our products. 
Crosby Steam Gage and Yalye Co. 
95 & 97 OLIVER STREET, BOSTON. 

Their Capacity, Itg ILNI5IIIC1). 
BOYNTON & PLUMMER AVOr•exter, :1111141,44, 
SMOOTH INSIDE & OUT. 
JOHN &LEK 4 Fletcher St N.Y. 
DIXON'S .PUBE, FOLIATED, DRY 

DIXON'S D, AmericanGraPhae ruidircT LUOIC---APJE 05,01)(011CRUCIDINI.01 
AlfIERICAN 
GRA.PIIITE 
PERFECT LUBRICATOR. 
Its enduring qualities are several times greater than fhose of any oil. Unlike eitht,r oil or grease, it is not affected by heat, cold, steam, acids, etc., and acts equally well under the most varying conditions of temperature and moisture. Its natural impurities contain substances fatal lo anti-friction purposes, namely, quartz or grit. Its proper selection. sizing and perfecting for lubricating pur-poses is a matter requiring large skill, much machinery and great experience. We have made this a special study, and, by methods of sizing and dressing, pecu-liar to ourselves, have produced a graphite unequaled for purity, for correct size of flake and unrivaled for lubricating qualities. Manufactured and Warranted Only by the JOS. DIXON CRUCIBLE CO., JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
- PrErFC-H ARTIPS STANDARD PUNCHES. 
INE1110, 
Rubber Goods Especially to Order. 
Fine and accurate work for Mechanical purposes Sewing Machine and Electric Light articles, Bicycle Tires, Bottle Stop-pers, Seamless Tubing. Pure Moulded Boiler Gaskets and Steam Pipe Rings that never melt or blow out, Extra Quality Sheet Packings, Pump Valves, Pure Anti-thill Rattlers, etc. Esti-mates for cost of new articles, including moulds, when desired. THE HARTFORD RUBBER WORKS, HARTFORD, CONN. 

FOSSIL .4. MEAL 
muninommooml  
SPATENT OLICITORS 
KNO LtS 93 Liberty Street, _Lieu, York, 44 Washington Stree, Boston. 
BESTVTOOLS 
ON EARTH FOR 
PUNCIIINGsIVEN,, 

UNIVERSAL RADIAL/v.0 RADIAL DRILLING MACHINES 
THREE DESIGNS. SIX SIZES. EMBODY ALL DESIRABLE FEATURES PRICES$450.19&UPWARD nnp ssUNIVERSAL RADIAL DRILL CO 1.CI 1, b. • • • 
PIPE AND BOILER COVERING. 
Light as Hair Felt. Absolutely Fireproof. Easily applied. Can be used over and over again. Thickness of %" to %"; equal to other coverings at 2" to 2.A1,, Beware of Imitations. Sold in Bags of 110 lbs. each. Acknowledged by leading audio, :les to be the best non-conducting material in the r FOSSIL MEAL CO., 48 Cedar St., New York. Send for Circular Mention I Paper. 
ELLSWORTH & YANTIS, 816F St., Washington, D.C. Send for Circular. 
FRIO 1 

ULU,I. C.D 
ATM, 
CLUI% 
E. B.STOCK1NG, ATTY., 
Opp. Pat. Of., Washington, D.C. Send slt. for fr,,e, report..., to nd nc 

ti, few ett S. HUNT'S r. JA , North Adams, Mc,. 

Barnes' Foot-Power Machinery. Complete outfits for Actual Workshop Business. Read what a customer says': "Considering its capacity and the ac-curateness of your No. 4 Lathe, I do not see how it can be produced at such , low cost. The velocipede foot-power ' is simply elegant. I can tarn steadily for a whole day and at night feel as little tired as if I had been walking around." Descriptive Catalogue and Price List Free.W .F.8c JOHN BARNES Co. Address 1995 Main St.,Rockford, 
 AlliMENL  
Hartford Drill puck 
contains the maximum of power, durability and effi-ciency, and is fully guaran-teed. No. 1 holds from 0 to W, price $7. No. 2 (round body) holds from 0 to %", price $8. Sold by the trade Address, CUSHMAN CHUCK CO., 
HARTFORD, CONN. Manufacturer of all kinds cf Chucks Send for new Illus'd Catalogue. 
FOX, TURRET & SPEED LATHES 

,-.111111[1111111I1111111111111011111M11111iL"MillilM1116;11iiiiii  
AND BRASS FINISHERS' fro S, CAGE MACHINE WORKS, WATERFORD, NEW YORK. 
A UNIVERSAL WRENCH. 

BAUER'S PAT. 
SELF-ADJUSTING, SELF-GRIPPING, SELF-ACTING WRENCH, and TONCS. 
/ . 111 111111111111" Mr 141)4i1.11 

Grips from Largest to Smallest size. Get List from PAINE, DIEHL &.CO., 12 BANE ST., PIMA, PA. 
91111111111111.111111.■ 
Experimental and. New Machinery for Special Purposes 
MB-C.7=-IT 7..7"N=R CONTRACT From Specifications aria Inventors' Designs. AMPLE SHOP AND SHIPPING FACILITIES. • COHOES IRON FOUNDRY AND MACHINE CO., 11_ CORRESPONDENCE' SOLICI1E'_D. COHOES, Y.  MII.M=1=1■11111111I■ 
TO0 
IL PLANES 27 in. long ; 12 in. wide ; 8 in. high. I Machinists, Engineers, Model Makers and all classes of Mechanics can find TOOLS to suit them at Reduced Prices. 
IMPROVED POWER, OR Lig PLANER, 
A. J. WILKINSON & CO. 184 to 186 Washington Street, 
BOSTON, MASS. CATALOGUES FREE. 

DA PATEN i'NUTTHREADING*POINTING NIANUFACTUI.2 D SOLELY B r ICE CHIN 

,t lid an Gssgers nosed tit tho via 11 Dun A rtrs. 
SINGLE BELL CHIME WHISTLE. 
Its sound is plev sit and far-reaching. For illailro( „es, III ills and Factories. Also for Fire-Alarm Signals. Victory Lubricators. Amsier's Planimeters, Test Gages and Pumps, Scotch Gage Glass,Water Gages. and all Steam Engine and Boiler appliances. We claim superiority of workmanship and pet-feet adaptation in all our products. 
Crosby Steam Gage and Yalye Co. 
95 & 97 OLIVER STREET, BOSTON. 

Their Capacity, Itg ILNI5IIIC1). 
BOYNTON & PLUMMER AVOr•exter, :1111141,44, 
SMOOTH INSIDE & OUT. 
JOHN &LEK 4 Fletcher St N.Y. 
DIXON'S .PUBE, FOLIATED, DRY 

DIXON'S D, AmericanGraPhae ruidircT LUOIC---APJE 05,01)(011CRUCIDINI.01 
AlfIERICAN 
GRA.PIIITE 
PERFECT LUBRICATOR. 
Its enduring qualities are several times greater than fhose of any oil. Unlike eitht,r oil or grease, it is not affected by heat, cold, steam, acids, etc., and acts equally well under the most varying conditions of temperature and moisture. Its natural impurities contain substances fatal lo anti-friction purposes, namely, quartz or grit. Its proper selection. sizing and perfecting for lubricating pur-poses is a matter requiring large skill, much machinery and great experience. We have made this a special study, and, by methods of sizing and dressing, pecu-liar to ourselves, have produced a graphite unequaled for purity, for correct size of flake and unrivaled for lubricating qualities. Manufactured and Warranted Only by the JOS. DIXON CRUCIBLE CO., JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
- PrErFC-H ARTIPS STANDARD PUNCHES. 
INE1110, 
Rubber Goods Especially to Order. 
Fine and accurate work for Mechanical purposes Sewing Machine and Electric Light articles, Bicycle Tires, Bottle Stop-pers, Seamless Tubing. Pure Moulded Boiler Gaskets and Steam Pipe Rings that never melt or blow out, Extra Quality Sheet Packings, Pump Valves, Pure Anti-thill Rattlers, etc. Esti-mates for cost of new articles, including moulds, when desired. THE HARTFORD RUBBER WORKS, HARTFORD, CONN. 

FOSSIL .4. MEAL 
muninommooml  
SPATENT OLICITORS 
KNO LtS 93 Liberty Street, _Lieu, York, 44 Washington Stree, Boston. 
BESTVTOOLS 
ON EARTH FOR 
PUNCIIINGsIVEN,, 

UNIVERSAL RADIAL/v.0 RADIAL DRILLING MACHINES 
THREE DESIGNS. SIX SIZES. EMBODY ALL DESIRABLE FEATURES PRICES$450.19&UPWARD nnp ssUNIVERSAL RADIAL DRILL CO 1.CI 1, b. • • • 
PIPE AND BOILER COVERING. 
Light as Hair Felt. Absolutely Fireproof. Easily applied. Can be used over and over again. Thickness of %" to %"; equal to other coverings at 2" to 2.A1,, Beware of Imitations. Sold in Bags of 110 lbs. each. Acknowledged by leading audio, :les to be the best non-conducting material in the r FOSSIL MEAL CO., 48 Cedar St., New York. Send for Circular Mention I Paper. 
ELLSWORTH & YANTIS, 816F St., Washington, D.C. Send for Circular. 
FRIO 1 

ULU,I. C.D 
ATM, 
CLUI% 
E. B.STOCK1NG, ATTY., 
Opp. Pat. Of., Washington, D.C. Send slt. for fr,,e, report..., to nd nc 

ti, few ett S. HUNT'S r. JA , North Adams, Mc,. 

, Moniaanl Randolph Brant, February sal, . I, 14. In answer to your Inquiry i yference to the Holden Parking, I can say that, having used rat deal of it la ahoust situation. and for ii long tit 8101 sine. sold 16 weld 414411 to other users, I can testily to its mt.. Where one pnek I lig IN to be used for packing 8011118t both steam and water, I know of .none equal t( That with rubber core I have found excellent for high tem Ttures. While there are several really good packings in t :market, yours need "take no back seat," with any. Yours truly, JAMES RENSHAW. 
VOLNEY W. MASON & CO., Friction Pulleys, Clutches and Elevators, PROVIDENCE. R. I. 

Barnes' Foot-Power Machinery. Complete outfits for Actual Workshop Business. Read what a customer says': "Considering its capacity and the ac-curateness of your No. 4 Lathe, I do not see how it can be produced at such , low cost. The velocipede foot-power ' is simply elegant. I can tarn steadily for a whole day and at night feel as little tired as if I had been walking around." Descriptive Catalogue and Price List Free.W .F.8c JOHN BARNES Co. Address 1995 Main St.,Rockford, 
 AlliMENL  
Hartford Drill puck 
contains the maximum of power, durability and effi-ciency, and is fully guaran-teed. No. 1 holds from 0 to W, price $7. No. 2 (round body) holds from 0 to %", price $8. Sold by the trade Address, CUSHMAN CHUCK CO., 
HARTFORD, CONN. Manufacturer of all kinds cf Chucks Send for new Illus'd Catalogue. 
FOX, TURRET & SPEED LATHES 

,-.111111[1111111I1111111111111011111M11111iL"MillilM1116;11iiiiii  
AND BRASS FINISHERS' fro S, CAGE MACHINE WORKS, WATERFORD, NEW YORK. 
A UNIVERSAL WRENCH. 

BAUER'S PAT. 
SELF-ADJUSTING, SELF-GRIPPING, SELF-ACTING WRENCH, and TONCS. 
/ . 111 111111111111" Mr 141)4i1.11 

Grips from Largest to Smallest size. Get List from PAINE, DIEHL &.CO., 12 BANE ST., PIMA, PA. 
91111111111111.111111.■ 
Experimental and. New Machinery for Special Purposes 
MB-C.7=-IT 7..7"N=R CONTRACT From Specifications aria Inventors' Designs. AMPLE SHOP AND SHIPPING FACILITIES. • COHOES IRON FOUNDRY AND MACHINE CO., 11_ CORRESPONDENCE' SOLICI1E'_D. COHOES, Y.  MII.M=1=1■11111111I■ 
TO0 
IL PLANES 27 in. long ; 12 in. wide ; 8 in. high. I Machinists, Engineers, Model Makers and all classes of Mechanics can find TOOLS to suit them at Reduced Prices. 
IMPROVED POWER, OR Lig PLANER, 
A. J. WILKINSON & CO. 184 to 186 Washington Street, 
BOSTON, MASS. CATALOGUES FREE. 

DA PATEN i'NUTTHREADING*POINTING NIANUFACTUI.2 D SOLELY B r ICE CHIN 

,t lid an Gssgers nosed tit tho via 11 Dun A rtrs. 
SINGLE BELL CHIME WHISTLE. 
Its sound is plev sit and far-reaching. For illailro( „es, III ills and Factories. Also for Fire-Alarm Signals. Victory Lubricators. Amsier's Planimeters, Test Gages and Pumps, Scotch Gage Glass,Water Gages. and all Steam Engine and Boiler appliances. We claim superiority of workmanship and pet-feet adaptation in all our products. 
Crosby Steam Gage and Yalye Co. 
95 & 97 OLIVER STREET, BOSTON. 

Their Capacity, Itg ILNI5IIIC1). 
BOYNTON & PLUMMER AVOr•exter, :1111141,44, 
SMOOTH INSIDE & OUT. 
JOHN &LEK 4 Fletcher St N.Y. 
DIXON'S .PUBE, FOLIATED, DRY 

DIXON'S D, AmericanGraPhae ruidircT LUOIC---APJE 05,01)(011CRUCIDINI.01 
AlfIERICAN 
GRA.PIIITE 
PERFECT LUBRICATOR. 
Its enduring qualities are several times greater than fhose of any oil. Unlike eitht,r oil or grease, it is not affected by heat, cold, steam, acids, etc., and acts equally well under the most varying conditions of temperature and moisture. Its natural impurities contain substances fatal lo anti-friction purposes, namely, quartz or grit. Its proper selection. sizing and perfecting for lubricating pur-poses is a matter requiring large skill, much machinery and great experience. We have made this a special study, and, by methods of sizing and dressing, pecu-liar to ourselves, have produced a graphite unequaled for purity, for correct size of flake and unrivaled for lubricating qualities. Manufactured and Warranted Only by the JOS. DIXON CRUCIBLE CO., JERSEY CITY, N. J. 
- PrErFC-H ARTIPS STANDARD PUNCHES. 
INE1110, 
Rubber Goods Especially to Order. 
Fine and accurate work for Mechanical purposes Sewing Machine and Electric Light articles, Bicycle Tires, Bottle Stop-pers, Seamless Tubing. Pure Moulded Boiler Gaskets and Steam Pipe Rings that never melt or blow out, Extra Quality Sheet Packings, Pump Valves, Pure Anti-thill Rattlers, etc. Esti-mates for cost of new articles, including moulds, when desired. THE HARTFORD RUBBER WORKS, HARTFORD, CONN. 

FOSSIL .4. MEAL 
muninommooml  
SPATENT OLICITORS 
KNO LtS 93 Liberty Street, _Lieu, York, 44 Washington Stree, Boston. 
BESTVTOOLS 
ON EARTH FOR 
PUNCIIINGsIVEN,, 

UNIVERSAL RADIAL/v.0 RADIAL DRILLING MACHINES 
THREE DESIGNS. SIX SIZES. EMBODY ALL DESIRABLE FEATURES PRICES$450.19&UPWARD nnp ssUNIVERSAL RADIAL DRILL CO 1.CI 1, b. • • • 
PIPE AND BOILER COVERING. 
Light as Hair Felt. Absolutely Fireproof. Easily applied. Can be used over and over again. Thickness of %" to %"; equal to other coverings at 2" to 2.A1,, Beware of Imitations. Sold in Bags of 110 lbs. each. Acknowledged by leading audio, :les to be the best non-conducting material in the r FOSSIL MEAL CO., 48 Cedar St., New York. Send for Circular Mention I Paper. 
ELLSWORTH & YANTIS, 816F St., Washington, D.C. Send for Circular. 
FRIO 1 

ULU,I. C.D 
ATM, 
CLUI% 
E. B.STOCK1NG, ATTY., 
Opp. Pat. Of., Washington, D.C. Send slt. for fr,,e, report..., to nd nc 

ti, few ett S. HUNT'S r. JA , North Adams, Mc,. 

-------------------pg13------------13

  "

  "

pg-13;top

 pg-13-top  MAY 8, 1886  AMERICAN MACHINIST 

MAY 8, 1E86] _A_MERIC.A_I\T MACHINIST the bored hole for shaft to a true vertical position, then draw a circle of the same diameter as wheel to be measured; on this lay off a certain part of the whole, making it as large as possible, and have the end of bucket cover it. Now measure vertically from the points that mark the ends of the space laid off on the circle. The difference in the height of the edge of bucket at these two points will be to the pitch as the space is to the whole circle. If the space is 3, of the circumference and the difference in the two measurements is one foot, the pitch is 12'. This is only for a straight pitch. Auxiliary Steam Power in Sailing Vessels. In our June 3, 1882 issue, we noted some observations regarding this subject, in the light of hopeful experiments that were then being made. A number of sailing vessels were then being equipped with auxiliary steam power and the promoters of the experi-ments looked for results, that, without inter-ference with the usual business of steamships, would point the way to an important and profitable addition to the American merchant marine. These experiments, according to our information gathered in shipping circles, have not resulted favorably, at least so far as sup-plying sailing vessels with auxiliary steam-power in the strict sense of the phrase is concerned. For useful information on this subject, we are indebted to Mr. Henry H. Sinclair, of New York, Captain George W. Tucker, Mr. James TI. Winchester, and other gentlemen. Capt. tucker informs us that his firm • are part owners in a sailing vessel which three years ago was equipped with auxiliary steam-imwer furnished by a prominent firm of marine et 'gill° builders. The vessel was full bark-rig-god, having three masts, with yards on two of them . She registered when equipped with aux-i I iary steam, 750 tons, with carrying capacity of about 1,150 tons. Her steam-plant consisted ►1 single-acting condensing engine, K'x30" cylinder, of about 175 nominal horse-power, and two boilers. The shaft was 8" in diameter, and 21' long. The trade she en-gaged in was regular trips between the ports of Now York and Buenos Ayres, South America, with oecnsional extensions of the trig) from tlm WW1' Dort to gild from RoNario. discharging at New York, while the $50 sav-ing in towage at Buenos Ayres accrued to the charterers and not to the ship : SAVING BY USE OF AUXILIARY STEAM-POWER. Earning capacity of entire vessel, 1,150 tons, increased one-third by 30 days saved in running time, estimated worth $3,150 Saving in towage in and out of N. Y., average 60 Proportionate saving on use of steam, 2 trips to Rosario out of 5 voyages, average 5 days, estimated worth $525 Less only cost of coal 90 Making net Estimated saving in wages of one man at sea Saved on hoisting in port 4_another tesssst.
hereeeeeeeeeeeeerrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeeeee

---13--------------

-----------------14--------------------------------

  "

  "

pg-14-top

 

 MAY 8, 1886 AMERICAN MACHINIST 

pg 14-- AMERICAN MACHINIST 
[IVIAy 8, 1886 
WILLIAM SELLERS 
Engineers and Machinists, Philadelphia, Pa. 
IMPROVED MACHINE TOOLS FOR WORKING IRON AND STEEL. 
Shafting, Pulleys, Hangers, etc., for transmitting power. Improved Self-Adjusting Injector of 1876, started, stopped and regulated as to capacity, by one lever. FIXED NOZZLE AUTOMATIC INJECTOR OF 1885, 
IIIINNMENI101,  
Either a Lifter or Non-Lifter ; no extra valves or fittings required; tubes can be removed without disturbing pipe connections ; is perfectly Automatic in its action; requires no especial manipulation to operate it. DESCRIPTIVE PAMPHLETS AND PRICES FURNISHED ON APPLICATION TO PHILADELPHIA OFFICE, OR TO NEW YORK OFFICE, 79 Liberty St. 
3 laying greater facilities for 
NEAR CUTTING 
than we need at present, we are prepared to cut accurately and with dispatch, all sizes of Spur ani Bevel Gears, from the Smallest to 30 inches Diameter. 
5. ASHTON  HAND MFG. CO,. TO, ,Nog THE swER ENGINE CO. 
The Lowe Feed Water HEATER, 

  PORTABLE AND STATIONARY ENGINES and BOILERS Send for Catalogue and Prices. 
THE For Heating and Purify-ing Feed Water fees Boilers and other pur-poses, with h FAhlust Steam from High or Low Pressure Engines • 
T is the simplest, most I Efficient and Reliable, and at less cost. Con-structed on the best sys-tem, saving most fuel and boiler repairs. Write for Histories of Boilers and F,ed Wale Healers (.free on mention-ing this paper). to 101 c BRIDCEPORT 
BOILER WORKS, 
NEW YORK  CO.,    WILLIAM LOWE, Prop, ir.---Agents Wanted. 
Exclusive Agents for New York. RAILWAY, MILL, MACHINISTS', AND ENGINEERS', MINERS' SU F°13I_AIIE S. 

50 & 52 JOHN STR7ET, NEW YORK. 
1COFFINIILEJGHTON2 SYRACUSF,NN 3 F1[110111  
MACHINISTS' SCALES pftteat C;racluation. W 41 invite comparison for neourney with411 others. inumr., studs Guars:414ml. Send for tint. 
 CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEER 'Ludt Export In Patont Cam', 

Southwark Foundry & Machine Co. 'y 
ENGINEERS AND MACHINISTS. WASHINGTON AVE. AND FIFTH ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA. PORTER-ALLEN and SOUTHWARK ENGINES, BOILERS AND TANKS, BLOWING ENGINES, PUMPS, GAS APPARATUS, BESSEMER CONVERTERS, ETO., SUGAR MACHINERY, HYDRAULIC MACHINERY. ETC.. ETC. 

THE LONG 1‘ ALLSTATIVICa.,"Vo°11, 
Double, Single, Angle-Bar, Gang, Horizontal, Twin, Boiler, Spacing, Gate, Multiple, Belt and Steam-Driven 
ri,nches :hears, .4 Over 300 Sizes. ALSO Power Cushioned Hammer. 
 Send for new catalogue.   
BRANDON'S PISTON RING PACKING. By its use a piston is self-packed against pressure, this pressure being balanced so as to permit neither the forcing of the rings outwardly, causing wear of rings and cylinder, nor inwardly, allowing the fluid to o pass by them. For License or Illustrated Cir-cular, Address, JAMES BEANDON, 233 Tenth Ave. N.Y. 
J. A. FAY 86 CO CINCINNATI, OEIO, U.S.A. 
BUILDERS OP IMPROVED 
WOOD-WORKING MACHINERY 

Embraces nearly 400 Machines for PLANING & MATCHING Surfacing, Moulding, Tenoning, Mortising, Boring, and Shaping, etc. Variety and Universal WOOD WORKERS. Band, Scroll and Circular Saws, Resawing Machines, Spoke and Wheel Machinery, Shafting, Pul-leys, etc. All of the highest standard of excellence. ff. H. DOANE, Pres't. D. L. LYON, Seo'y. 
STEARNS MFG. COMPANY 
MFLIM, Engines from 15 to 400 Horse Power. 
Boilers of Steel and Iron supplied tone trade or the user. Send for Catalogues. 
SAW MILLS

W.COLBURN : Co. FITCHBURG, MASS.  INCANDESCENT  LIGHTING — AND  PLVING MACHINES 
NATIONAL WATER-TUBE BOILER COMPANY. Main Office, New Brunswick, N. J. Manuacturcrs of MOORE'S SYSTEM 

WATER-TUBE STEAM BOILERS, 
Unequid for SAFETY ECONOMY AND DURABILITY. 

******************************************************* 

Exclusive Agents for New York. RAILWAY, MILL, MACHINISTS', AND ENGINEERS', MINERS' Su I: I='IJI s 
50 & 52 JOHN STIV ET, NEW YORK. 
 3 MACHINISTS' SCALES; T'ate...rt End Graduation. We invite comparison for accuracy with all others. Every Scale Guaranteed, Send. for Li.. COFFIN & LEICHTON, SYRACUSE, N. Y. 
 CIVIL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEER and Expert lg Patent Causes, 28 STATE STREET, ROOM 28, BOSTON, MASS. 
DON'S NEW WATEI-CUBE STEAM BOILED H SAFE! ECONOMICAL! DURABLE II   For ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE of NEW BOILER, Address ABENDROTH & ROOT MANUFG. Co. 
- 28 CLIFF STREET, NEW YaRK.- 
FLUOR SPAR  THE BEST 
A natural product taken irom our own mines. Unlike any of tl,e artificial compounds or manufactured products heretofore on the market. We guarantee its SUCCCLIJ if directions are followed, or ask no pay. Only 8 or 10 pounds to the ton of iron required to purify the iron, and will more tlrta pay for itself in keeping the cupola clean. The best flux for foundry work ; also used in redaction and refining of silver, copper and lead. Used by glass manufacturers in making opaque ware. Used by chemists in making hydro-fluoric acid for etching ornamented glass. (Jan be used in manufacturing steel by the basic process 
_FouNDRy FLUX. THE EVANSVILLEtLEBADuARNBDASNPKA.R8, lI cloINING CO. Successors  Sand for circular, prices and experience of users. EVANSVILLE, IND. 
HARRiSM'S ADJUSTABLE FLUE-HMI CUTTER. 
An etTe3tive labor-savinz tool for the boiler shop. Size No. 1 cuts all size holes from 2 to 5 inches inclusive. The cutters proper are forded from 5/ inch round steel, can be renewed at trifling cost ; are easily adjusted and firmly held. Manufactured by 
REMINGTON & CO., WILMINGTON DEL. 

THE FISHKILL CORLISS ENGINE,     Specially adapted for and extensively used in large grain elevators. 13COIMLIETtS. Manufactured by the Fishkill handing Machin Co. FISIIKILL-ON-THE-HUDSON, N.Y. ;,– li, t,„, i ' containitii' Illus.. ......2 ..,,, __ Bowl, and Clroular tiOtwm, 1(esawIng 111nehluo.s, Wherl Machlurry, Hiifin log, 1'h% All ••r Ili„ highest _ - standard of excellonrm. AT. H. DOANE, Pres't. D. L. LYON, See'y. 
I.W.COLBURN Co.1 I FITCHBURG, MASS.( 100 MAIN V. AtiVprx INUAN WE. Sr DESCENT 10 LIVI NO PRICES! AND LIG anti NG PING MACHINES. 
NATIONAL WATER-TUBE BOILER COMPANY. Main Office, New Brunswick, N. J. Manui:acturers of MOORE'S SYSTEM WATER-TUBE STEAM BOILERS, Unequalled for SAFETY, ECONOMY AND DURABILITY. Branch Offices: New York City, 64 Cortlandt St. Philadelphia, Pa., 49 N. 7th St. Boston, Mass., - 50 Oliver St.   
L7ncle's Pat, Ii -r Safoty Valves, tclapted to all Boilers. 3. E. Lonergan & Co., Sole Owners and Manurrs PHILA., PA. 
WHITE'S FLEXIBLE METALLIC FILLET For use of Pattern Slickers. Sizes 14 to 1 in. 

HOWARD WHITE, 4 N. 4th ST., PHILA. PA. Send for Circular & Samples. 
ROLLER TUBE EXPANDERS, FORGED STEEL, SHEET METAL PUNCHES, SCREW PUNCHES, A. L. RENDERER, Wilmington,Del. 
Iron Planers e Shapers. 
SUPERIOR DESIGN AND WORKMANSHIP. 
MIME MACRE TOOL WORM, Lim. 
ROCHESTER. N. Y. 
THE GARDNER GOVERNOR 

Over 10,000 in Use. 
ADAPTED TO EVERY STYLE OF STATIONARY AND PORTABLE STEAM ENGINE. 
Warranted to give satisfac• tion or no sale. 
FOR CIRCULARS ANA --17i.,4" ADDlESS, 
The Gai4ffer Goverlloi. Co. QUINCY ,L. 
OF St7 
Foe 
3A// 1016//41/ 
MORSE ELEVATOR WORKS 
MORSE, WILLIAMS ES., CO., successors to CLEM k monsE, Builder: of all Kinds of PASSENGER AND FREIGHT 
inators, 

Automatio Hatch Doors Send for Illustrated Circular. Office, 411 CHERRY sT. Works, Frankford Av.,Wildey trANk and Shackamaxon Sts., I PHILADELPHIA.. N.Y. Office, 108 Liberty Street. 
A SPECIALTY. 
• • 
OSGOOD DREDGE CO., - ALBANY, N. Y. RALPH R. OSGOOD, Pres. JAMES H. BLESSING, Vice-Pres. JOHN K. HOWE, Secret:, -- and Treasurer, 111anufa, it/ in of D"nERRICKS„ .1.1 MACHINES, 1/ Etc.„ Eta. 
11REDGES, .1J Excavators, 
01, 

wners and Manurrs PHILA., PA. 
WHITE'S FLEXIBLE METALLIC FILLET For use of Pattern Slickers. Sizes 14 to 1 in. 

HOWARD WHITE, 4 N. 4th ST., PHILA. PA. Send for Circular & Samples. 
ROLLER TUBE EXPANDERS, FORGED STEEL, SHEET METAL PUNCHES, SCREW PUNCHES, A. L. RENDERER, Wilmington,Del. Iron Planers e Shapers. 
SUPERIOR DESIGN AND WORKMANSHIP. MIME MACRE TOOL WORM, Lim. ROCHESTER. N. Y. 
THE GARDNER GOVERNOR over 10,000 in Use. 
ADAPTED TO EVERY STYLE OF STATIONARY AND PORTABLE STEAM ENGINE. 
Warranted to give satisfaction or no sale. 
FOR CIRCULARS ANA --17i.,4" ADDlESS, 
The Gai4ffer Goverlloi. Co. QUINCY ,L. 
OF St7 
Foe 
3A// 1016//41/ 
MORSE ELEVATOR WORKS 
MORSE, WILLIAMS ES., CO., successors to CLEM k monsE, Builder: of all Kinds of PASSENGER AND FREIGHT 
inators, 

Automatio Hatch Doors Send for Illustrated Circular. Office, 411 CHERRY sT. Works, Frankford Av.,Wildey trANk and Shackamaxon Sts., I PHILADELPHIA.. N.Y. Office, 108 Liberty Street. 
A SPECIALTY. 
• • 
OSGOOD DREDGE CO., - ALBANY, N. Y. RALPH R. OSGOOD, Pres. JAMES H. BLESSING, Vice-Pres. JOHN K. HOWE, Secret:, -- and Treasurer, 111anufa, it/ in of D"nERRICKS„ .1.1 MACHINES, 1/ Etc.„ Eta. 
11REDGES, .1J Excavators, 
01, 

<

MAY 8, 1886 AMERICAN MACHINIST

MAY 8, 1886---------AMERICAN MACHINIST the bored hole for shaft to a true vertical position, then draw a circle of the same diameter as wheel to be measured; on this lay off a certain part of the whole, making it as large as possible, and have the end of bucket cover it. Now measure vertically from the points that mark the ends of the space laid off on the circle. The difference in the height of the edge of bucket at these two points will be to the pitch as the space is to the whole circle. If the space is 3, of the circumference and the difference in the two measurements is one foot, the pitch is 12'. This is only for a straight pitch. Auxiliary Steam Power in Sailing Vessels. In our June 3, 1882 issue, we noted some observations regarding this subject, in the light of hopeful experiments that were then being made. A number of sailing vessels were then being equipped with auxiliary steam power and the promoters of the experi-ments looked for results, that, without inter-ference with the usual business of steamships, would point the way to an important and profitable addition to the American merchant marine. These experiments, according to our information gathered in shipping circles, have not resulted favorably, at least so far as sup-plying sailing vessels with auxiliary steam-power in the strict sense of the phrase is concerned. For useful information on this subject, we are indebted to Mr. Henry H. Sinclair, of New York, Captain George W. Tucker, Mr. James TI. Winchester, and other gentlemen. Capt. tucker informs us that his firm • are part owners in a sailing vessel which three years ago was equipped with auxiliary steam-imwer furnished by a prominent firm of marine et 'gill° builders. The vessel was full bark-rig-god, having three masts, with yards on two of them . She registered when equipped with aux-i I iary steam, 750 tons, with carrying capacity of about 1,150 tons. Her steam-plant consisted 1 single-acting condensing engine, K'x30" cylinder, of about 175 nominal horse-power, and two boilers. The shaft was 8" in diameter, and 21' long. The trade she en-gaged in was regular trips between the ports of Now York and Buenos Ayres, South America, with oecnsional extensions of the trig) from tlm WW1' Dort to gild from RoNario. discharging at New York, while the $50 sav-ing in towage at Buenos Ayres accrued to the charterers and not to the ship : SAVING BY USE OF AUXILIARY STEAM-POWER. Earning capacity of entire vessel, 1,150 tons, increased one-third by 30 days saved in running time, estimated worth $3,150 Saving in towage in and out of N. Y., average 60 Proportionate saving on use of steam, 2 trips to Rosario out of 5 voyages, average 5 days, estimated worth $525 Less only cost of coal 90 Making net Estimated saving in wages of one man at sea Saved on hoisting in port 4_another tesssst.
hereeeeeeeeeeeeerrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeeeee  pg-16

  "

  "

pg-16-top

 
 

AMERICAN MACHINIST 

MAY 8, 1886------AMERICAN MACHINIST the bored hole for shaft to a true vertical position, then draw a circle of the same diameter as wheel to be measured; on this lay off a certain part of the whole, making it as large as possible, and have the end of bucket cover it. Now measure vertically from the points that mark the ends of the space laid off on the circle. The difference in the height of the edge of bucket at these two points will be to the pitch as the space is to the whole circle. If the space is 3, of the circumference and the difference in the two measurements is one foot, the pitch is 12'. This is only for a straight pitch. Auxiliary Steam Power in Sailing Vessels. In our June 3, 1882 issue, we noted some observations regarding this subject, in the light of hopeful experiments that were then being made. A number of sailing vessels were then being equipped with auxiliary steam power and the promoters of the experi-ments looked for results, that, without inter-ference with the usual business of steamships, would point the way to an important and profitable addition to the American merchant marine. These experiments, according to our information gathered in shipping circles, have not resulted favorably, at least so far as sup-plying sailing vessels with auxiliary steam-power in the strict sense of the phrase is concerned. For useful information on this subject, we are indebted to Mr. Henry H. Sinclair, of New York, Captain George W. Tucker, Mr. James TI. Winchester, and other gentlemen. Capt. tucker informs us that his firm • are part owners in a sailing vessel which three years ago was equipped with auxiliary steam-imwer furnished by a prominent firm of marine et 'gill° builders. The vessel was full bark-rig-god, having three masts, with yards on two of them . She registered when equipped with aux-i I iary steam, 750 tons, with carrying capacity of about 1,150 tons. Her steam-plant consisted 1 single-acting condensing engine, K'x30" cylinder, of about 175 nominal horse-power, and two boilers. The shaft was 8" in diameter, and 21' long. The trade she en-gaged in was regular trips between the ports of Now York and Buenos Ayres, South America, with oecnsional extensions of the trig) from tlm WW1' Dort to gild from RoNario. discharging at New York, while the $50 sav-ing in towage at Buenos Ayres accrued to the charterers and not to the ship : SAVING BY USE OF AUXILIARY STEAM-POWER. Earning capacity of entire vessel, 1,150 tons, increased one-third by 30 days saved in running time, estimated worth $3,150 Saving in towage in and out of N. Y., average 60 Proportionate saving on use of steam, 2 trips to Rosario out of 5 voyages, average 5 days, estimated worth $525 Less only cost of coal 90 Making net Estimated saving in wages of one man at sea Saved on hoisting in port 4_another tesssst.
hereeeeeeeeeeeeerrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeeeee  pg-17

  "

  "

pg-17-top you can see this this is a test tt-tt-tt-tt-tt- test

 ,   
 

AMERICAN MACHINIST MAY 8, 1886--.pg -17 
MORSE TWIST DRILL AND MACHINE COMPANY, 
Manufacturers of Morse Patent Straight-Lip Increase Twist Drills. New Bedford, MASS. 
MACHINIST 

Solid and Shell Reamers, Beach's Patent Self-Centering Chuck, Bit Stock Drills. DRILL GRINDING MACHINES, MILLING CUTTERS AND SPECIAL TOOLS TO ORDER. 
MANUFACTURE 

HAND LATHES, FOOT LATHES AND MILLING MACHINES. Manning, Maxwell & Moore, Selling Agents, 111 Liberty St., New York. 515 Phenix Building, Chicago. 
OUR SPECIALTY 
CRANK and GEARED SHAPERS. 
J. STEPTOE & CO., Cincinnati, 0. Cleo. Place Machine Co., Agents, Yew York. 
NOTICE. 
REDUCTION IN PRICE OF 50, 60 AND 72 INCH 
Lathes, Planers, Drills, Blotters, Etc. 

NEW HAVEN MANUFAC'G CO., New Haven, Conn. 
2 BY 24 FLAT TURRET LATHE. 

SEND FOR CIRCULAR. D. SANDERS' SONS, 
Manufac -firers of Pipe Cutting & Threading Machines For Pipe, Mill and Steam Fitters' Use. TAPPING MACHINES 
For Steam Fitting, also v;00 Steam and Gas Fitters' Rand Tools. 21 Atherton St., Yonkers, N. Y. 

P BLAISDELL & CO., Manufacturers of Machinists' Tools WORCESTER, MASS. Send for CATALOGUE for '92. JONES & LAMSON MACHINE CO., Springfield, Vt., U. S. A. 
 

BOYNTON & PLUMMER, WORCESTER, MASS. Manufacturers of 
Shaping Machines, Drilling Machines, Bolt Cutting Machines. 
CHAS. CHURCHILL & CO., Lt'd, Agents. 21 Cross St., Finsbury, London, England. 
FOOT POWER LATHES 
BoRixo aND TuRNING MILL MULLER LATHES H. BICKFORD, — Lakeport, N. H. PLAIN MILLING MACHINES SOMETHING 
Write for New List, August 1st, 1892. 

PATENTED. With New and Valuable Features. MADE ONLY BY THE BRADFORD MILL CO., Sth and Evans, CINCINNATI, 0. London House: CHAS. CHURCHILL & CO., L't'd, 21 Cross St., Finsbury, London, E. C., Eng. 

GAGE MACHINE WORKS, 
For Electrical and Experimen-tal work. For Gunsmiths and 
Tool Makers. For general Ma-chine Shop Work. High grade tools ; elegant in design, superior in con-struction. The best foot power lathes made, and quality considered the cheapest. Send for catalogue and prices. 
W. F. & JNO. BARNES CO., 
1995 Ruby St., ROCKFORD, II L. ENGLISH AGENTS, CHAS. CHURCHILL & CO., LTD. 21 CROSS ST., FINSBURY, LONDON, E. C., ENG. 
BARKER'S IMPROVED CENTER GRINDING MACHINE. 
Price, $10. NO GAUGES. NO BELT. Every Machine Guaranteed. I MANUFACTURED BY WM. BARKER & CO., Cincinnati, Ohio. SEND FOR. CIRCULAR. 
PLAIN and UNIVERSAL MACHINES MACHINES 
of approved de-sign and F oh grade wor', ship. KEMPSMITH MACHINE TOOL CO., Milwaukee, Wis. 
1COFEN &LOG HTON 2 SYRACUSE,N.Y a MACHINISTS' SCALES 
PATENT END GRADUATION. We Invite Comparison for Accuracy with all others. EVERY SCALE GUARANTEED. SEND FOR LIST. COFFIN & LEIGHTON, SYRACUSE, N. C.H BAUSH & SONS 
HOLYOKE, MASS. Manufacturers of POST, 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

PLAIN MILLING  MACHINES SOMETHING NEW.  The Cincinnati Milling Machine Co., CINCINNATI, OHIO. 

PATENTED-. With New and Valuable Features, MADE ONLY BY THE 

BRADFORD MILL CO., 8th and Evans, CINCINNATI, 0. London House: CHAS. CHURCHILL & CO., L't'd, 21 Cross St., Finsbury, London. E. C.. Eng. 
GAGE MACHINE WORKS, 

FOX & TURRET LATHES - A SPECIALTY. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 
MACHINE TOOLS, WATERFORD, N. Y. 
IRON PLANERS, 
Extra Heavy. Latest Design. All Modern Improvements. L. W. POND MACHINE CO., WORCESTER, MASS. 
1,11CN I'M, CHAS. CHURCHILL & CO., LTD. 21 CROSS ST., FINSBURY, LONDON, E. C., ENG. 
BARKER'S IMPROVED CENTER GRINDING MACHINE. 
Price, $10. NO GAUGES. NO BELT. Every Machine Guaranteed. MANUFACTURED BY WM. BARKER & CO., Cincinnati, Ohio. SEND FOR CIRCULAR. 
SIX SPINDLE 
Turret Drills 
SEND FOR CIRCULAR. 
A. D. QUINT, HARTFORD, CONN, 

VERTICAL DRILL PRESSES, 12 to 52 inch swing. Radial Drills, 4 to 10 ft. swing. Boiler Makers' Drills, Bridge and Ship Builders' Drills, Gang Drills, and other Drilling Machinery. Engine Lathes, 12 to 24 in. swing. Send for t. Catalogue. PRENTICE BROS., WORCESTER, MASS. 

1.1.4maiiii1111m1111gommo1111111111111IiII1011111111mmume 

smallest to the largest. WORCESTER, MASS. Jan. 6, 1891. 
WORCESTER, MASS. DEAR SIR :-The two 25 in. Drills purchased of you about one year ago have been in con-stant use, and have al-ways done the work required of them to our entire sati s-a faction. 
51111---AED, 114,4111111 

Yours very truly, Richardson Mfg. Co. 

CZ ot. 
= op 4 0.. el) kl c4 THE CURTIS eq-Pipe Threading td Attac ma 01 -FO LATHES. 11 APNIDPETACRIETAIDIINA MillitinHINERY For nand or 2 Send for Illustrated Power. Catalogu. 
W. D. FORBES & CO., ENGINEERS, HOBOKEN, N. J. 14TH STREET FERRY. 
WE DESIRE TO CONTRACT FOR FINE MACHINE WORK. 
WE MAKE MILLING CUTTERS AND CARRY REGULAR SIZES IN STOCK. 
Maule' s"Skeleion" Pipe Die. What 
/Simply this : The first cost of it to you is less than that of any of, other Pipe-Thread-it ? ing Die. Also this: Before it becomes IA 1 ;,,...,,< >will cut as many perfect threads as dulled from use it le . '112r,'"--"•11.416W.„,„,_ -or" the best Solid as ,i0L4 is dulelx,' ; you claonnd'r thhernowiY trLitc it away and try a new one. - -, ,,„,_j, You simply sharpen it on a ---,'' commongrindstone, and make it _Practically as good as new. And this sharpening pro-cess may be repeated a number of times. Don't it sound like a ;noney-saver ? Ask your jobber to send you Price-List of MAULE' S "SKELETON" PIPE DIE. PANCOAST & MAUI,E, Philadelphia, U. S. A. 
TO OBTAIN AN ACCURATE CARD WITH AN INDICATOR It is necessary to use a perfect method of reducing the motion. This is done by using our 

ALUMINUM REDUCING WHEEL 
Lightest and only Perfect motion made. For circulars and prices address WEBSTER & PERKS TOOL CO., Cor, Spring & Monroe Sts., Springfield, Ohio, U. S. A. 
t 
REDUCING VALVES, AIR-BRAKE REGULATORS, PUMP PRESSURE REG'AATORS, BALANCED VALVES. MASON REGULATOR COMPANY, Boston. 
r 
.1,% 1". 
4 1.1 (I 4L 
WM! 
N s-111•1 

AND Wallilathal argils 

=   
From the smallest to thelargest. 
WORCESTER, MASS. Jan. 6,1891. Mr. J. E. SNYDER, WORCESTER, MASS. DEAR SIR :-The two 25 in. Drills purchased of you about one year ago have been in con-stant use, and have al-ways done the work required 

hereeeeeeeeeeeeerrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeeeee 

19

  "

  "

pg-19-top

THE BUCKEYE AUTOMATIC CUT-OFF ENGINES. 

SLOW SPEED, MEDI L.111 SPEED AND HIGH SPEED LNGINES, Compound and Triple-Expansion Engines. HIGH-PRESSURE BOILERS. • Complete Steam Power Plants of Highest Attain-able Efficiency. Address BUCKEYE ENGINE CO., Salem, 0. Or SALES ACENTS: BUCKEYE ENGINE COMPANY SALES AGENCY, No. 10 Telephone Building, New York City. A. A. HUNTING, John Hancock Bld'g, Boston, Mass. N. W. ROBINSON, 97 Washington St., Chicago, Ill. ROBINSON & CARY COMPANY, St. Paul, Minn. A. L. FISH, No. 61 First St., San Francisco, Cal. A. III MORSE, 511 Commercial Building, St. Louis, Mo. J. M. ARTHUR & CO., Portland, Oregon. KENSINGTON ENGINE WORKS, LIMITED, PHILADELPHIA. Cole Licensees and Manufacturers for New Jersey (South of Trenton) Eastern Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, and Ilirginiz. 
ALBANY STEAM TRAP CO. ALBANY, N. Y. RETURN Sri AUTOMATIC STEAM TRAPS, IIT SPECIAL 
BOILER FEED PUMPS AND PUMP GOVERNORS.  " OTTO " GAS ENGINE WORKS, SCHLEICHER, SCHUMM & CO., 
STEAM PUMPS AND GOVERNOR COMBINED 
FOR PUMPINC 
HOT CONDENSED MEL Renewable Seat and Disc VALVES_ 
33d and Walnut Sts., PHILADELPHIA. Branch Office, New York Agency, Monroe St., CHICAGO. 18 Vesey St., N. Y. 
THE TWISS IMPROVED AUTOMATIC ENGINE, Manufactured by NELSON W. MISS, 28 Whitney Ave., NEW HAVEN, CONN. (a'New Cylinders put on to old engines, effecting a saving of 25 to 40 per cent. in fuel. Also vertical and marine en. glues. 

.STRONG,WELL BUILTSERVICEABLE STEAM EN= 12 to 100 Horse Power•&bull..... Every Engine Adapted to Heavy, tested under Continuous Work. full load. SUITABLE 
ES 
Guaranteed to consume 25 to 75 per cent. less Gas than any other Gas Engine doing the same work. 
THE STANDARD REVOLUTIONS COUNTER A. B. PITKIN MACHINERY CO. 
Send for Patent Stow Motion. Registers 2,000 Revolutions. 

BOSTON, MASS 
Circular. 
Tubular & Firebo: BOILERS 
on hand for immedi-ate delivery. CHAN DLER & TAYLOR CO. INDIANAPOLIS.IND. 

ENGINES & BOILERS 
Stationary & Semi-Portable. 8 to 25 HORSEPOWER, Eigh in Grade. Low in Price. Send for Pamphlet. 
The W.C.LEFFEL CO. Greenmonnt Ave., Springfield, 0. 

MANUFACTURERS E—WA IC9   OF IMPROVED' 
' STEAM ENGINES 4 G N FULL. E a TT ARKAEENT sF R ❑MPLETE F RLANTS. 

FRICK COMPANY, "' ECLIPSE COWSS ENGINES, 

(Tandem Compound.) 
40 TO 2,000 H. P., ALL STYLEb. Send for Illustrated Catalogue. ALSO BUILDERS OF 
Electric High Speed Engines and Ice-Making and Refrigerating Machinery. 

PHOENIX IRON WORKS CO. 
111111t111,1,1,11,1i111,1ilio, - Horizontal Tubular and Manning Vertical. Boilers. 

WESTON 
HIGH PRESSURE BOILERS COMPLETE POWER PLANTS.. 

AUHT811-1VINECEDE NGINES 
onnommimumin.. 

• MEADVILLE, PA. New York, 15 Cortlandt St Chicago, 418 Chamber of Commerce. Sole Manufacturers of the 110k Church" Automatic Cut-off Lime Male, Tandem Compound, and Triple Expansion, __ �mnmiowuuWwwr 
WESTON ENGINE CO.; PAINTED POST, N. Y. 
REPRESENTATIVES. JULIAN SCHOLL & CO., 126 Liberty St., N. Y. GEO. D. HOFFIIIAN, 82 Lake St., Chicago. H. H. 8C1PLE & CO., 3d & Arch St.., Phila., Pa, 
1G GA I A i S A -0 NGINES LE,TANDEMANDCR055 No other engine lvt,5 a. perfectly bo.liNneed v 1ve. COMPOUNDS 
T1-e engine 31%8,11 not- rum orte revolution slower II' It 1\em fully lott,ded than when running erripty►nd a, reduc-bon of boilerpressure from the greoktest to that neces5b.Yi to do the worK,will not reduce the speed of engine one r'evoilltion..Arky engine ft,iling to meet this guarantee 

becomes the property of the purchaser upon. pes.y-rnerst of one dollar.- Send for CeNtes.locue. 141 Liberty St. 144 k. J. H .PIc EWEN ivirG.0 Bilm\cl\Offico, 412 Wb.s miStON,Ave.5 .Louis,rto, 1'1DOWAY, PA. 
TAYLOR ENGINE COMPANY 
SINGLE AND COMPOUND 
II !11 1 11:4 
CHAMBERSBURC, PH. 

00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

THE STANDARD REVOLUTIONS COUNTER A. B. PITKIN MACHINERY CO. 
PROVIDENCE, R. I Send for 

BOSTON, MASS 
Patent Ston Motion. 
Circular. 
Registers 2,000 Revolutions. Greenmonnt Ave., Springfield, 0. 
.14,1,111:111111iwiiinthwr 
111-1A IN Li L ri OG I Y 

ENGINES 86 BOILERS Stationary .t Semi-Portable. 8 to 25 HORSE-POWER. fligh in Grade. Low in Price. Send for Pamphlet. The W. C. LEFFEL CO. 
CONOVER CONDENSERS. BELT AND STEAM DRIVEN. 
Compound Ctndensing Corliss Engine on Independent Condenser. HANDSOME CATALOCUE FREE. THE CONOVER MFG. CO., 95 Liberty SLILY. 
IF YOU WISH TO OMPAIN 
ry 
BELT 
Kevo u y engine 6.1 mg to me- I becomes the property of the purchaser upon. pa,y-ment- of one dollar• Send for Ceteiloo'ue. I Li mr= 1311\c,k0ificqs, 141 Liberty /New Yi3rk.N.Y LWEN MFG. 0 412 Wbbs indsfoNAve.5 .1..ouis,P1o, NIDOWAY, PA. 

TAYLOR ENGINE COMPANY, 
SINGLE AND COMPOUND 
AUTOMATIC ENGINES. 
BRANCH OFFICES: 165 Washington St., N. Y. I 28 W. Randolph St., Chicag, 46 N. 7th St., Philadelphia. 99 1st Ave., Pittsburgh. 77 Haverhill St., Boston. 179 Race St., Cincinnati. 
Stennti 
Write Postal for copy of our New Book, " How to Obtain Dry Steam." Mailed free. 
THE POND ENGINEERING CO. Offices : ST. I.40-ITIS, CHICAGO, ' KANSAS CITE . 

CHAMBERSBURC, PH. 
WIRE ROPE 

BOOM AND UM PLANTS 
For Coal Mines, &c., a Specialty. OVER 100 NOW RUNNING SUCCESSFULLY. 
Gum-lined Sheaves, Coal Crushers, Narrow Gauge Locomotives. J. & J. B. MILHOLLAND, 240 Fifth Avenue, PITTSBURGH, PA, 

The HOPPES Live-Steam Feei-Water Purifier, 
Guaranteed to Prevent Scale in Boilers. Using any kind of water. Hard Sheet Steel Troughs. Easily Cleaned. HOPPES MANUFACTURING CO., Send for Catalogue D. SPRINGFIELD, OHIO. 
WARLES 7SAilRRAY-' ENGRAVER ON WIII:3117 SS 'ANN' Nm*-Y761:zic-

THE 
LACKAWANNA GREASE CUP 
Has a wide reputation as the CLEANEST, MOST EFFECT-IVE and MOST ECONOMICAL device on the market for the lubrication of machinery bear-ings. Liberal Discount to the Trade. 
MANUFACTURED BY  tackawana Lubricating Co., SCRANTON, PA. 
ENGINE CAS'NGS  1 AND 2 HORSE POWER High Speed, Upright, Horizontal, Marine. ILLUSTRATED BOOKLET FREE. A. L. WEED & CO., 106-108 Liberty St., N. Y. 
ROCK DRILLS AND AIR COMPRESSORS. 111K• 
AIR COMPRESSORS WITH COMPOUND AIR CYLINDERS, AND COMPOUND STEAM CYL-INDERS WITH MEYER OR COR. LISS VALVES. RAND DRILL CO., 23 Park Place, NEW YORK, U. S. A. BRANCH OFFICES Monadnock Building, Chicago ; Ishpeming, Mich.; 131618th St. Denver ; Sher-brooke, P. Q. Canada ; Apartado 830, Mexico City. 
ENGINEERING CO NICETOWN. PHILA. 49 DEY ST.. NEW YORK. 
Elevators, Conveyors, Manila Rope Power Transmission Machinery, Ewart Detachable Link Belting, Dodge Chain, Howe Chain, etc. Western Connection, Link-Belt Machinery Co., Chicago, Ill. 

PATENT OILERS CYLINDER SIG HT FEED CUPS. Government Regulation 12° (31:' SAFETY For Stationary, Marine and Locomotive Boilers. 
J. E. LONERGAN & CO 
BRASS FOUNDERS AND • FINISHERS, •9 211 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. CATALOCUE FREE ON APPLICATION. 

eeeeeeeeeerrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeeeee 

  "

pg-20 top

 AMERICAN MACHINIST    MAY 8, 1886---pg-20---

BROWN I SHARPE MFG. CO LIADVIDDISTCU, R. I. 

IN STOCK, NEW SIZES OF MILLING CUT 
  c,   The PRATT & WHITNEY CO., Harfford,-Conn. 
DROP HAMMERS, Punching and r....inuning Presses, Forging and Trimming Dies. Die-Sinking Machines, Hand Bolt Heading Machines. ROLL GROOVING MACHINES FOR FLOUR MILL USE. Spiral Shear Punches, Solid Adjustable and Opening Die 

AND END MILLS.Complete List of STOCK CUTTERS. 784 Kinds and Sizes Mailed on Application. 
MACHINE TOOLS ON EXHIBITION AT 
23 South Canal St., CHICAGO, ILL. S. A. SMITH, Western Representative. 
NILES TOOL WORKS, 13.AIVII311_41rOINT, OHIO. 
MACHINE TOOLS. SCREW MACHINES. For making all kinds of Set Screws, Tap Screws and Studs. W.411 do the work of three or four small lathes and turn it out in better shape. Send for spe-cial catalogue fully describing machines and illustrating sam-ples of work done. kinds equipped complete. Corre-
No. 3 SCREW 
MACHINE. Machine Shops of spondence solicited. NEW YORK, 
136 &.138 LIBERTY ST. CHICAGO, PHENIX BLDG. 
PITTSBURGH, LEWIS BLOCK. INCREASED SALES 
Show that our customers appreciate the value of improvements made in JENKINS PACKING. It can be used again and again. Does not ROT or BURN out. Have you tried it recently ? If not, DO SO I Look for " Trade Mark." JENKINS BROS., New York Philadelphia, Boston and Chicago. 
Description and Prices Furnished on Application. 

BILLINGS' PATENT COMMUTATOR BARS 
FOR GENERATORS AND MOTORS Drop-Forged from One Piece of Unalloyed ,pper° 
THE BILLINGS & SPENCER CO., 
Hartford, Corm. 
WARNER & SWASEY, THE ETIOPOLITAN AUTOMATIC MOTOR CLEVELAND,   • lu OHIO. 

OPERATED Entirely I by One Handle.  OMER For IRON and  BRASS WORK. Illustrated Catalogue on application. and Prices furnished      The Most Successful Injector Made. ANYONE CAN OPERATE THEM. 

Every engineer can repair the injector without 4:4 sending it to the manufacturers. Carried in stock by the Largest Supply Houses in the U. S. Western Agent, CRANE CO., CHICAGO. JENKINS BROS., New York, Southern Agents. &) The Hayden & Derby Mfg. Co.,SOLE MANUFACTURERS, NO. 111 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK. 

hereeeeeeeeeeeeerrrrrrreeeeeeeeeeeeee 

BROWN I SHARPE MFG. CO LIADVIDDISTCU, R. I. IN STOCK, NEW SIZES OF MILLING CUT 
    The PRATT & WHITNEY CO., Harfford,-Conn. 
DROP HAmmers, Punching and r....inuning Presses, Forging and Trimming Dies. Die-Sinking Machines, Hand Bolt Heading Machines. ROLL GROOVING MACHINES FOR FLOUR MILL USE. Spiral Shear Punches, Solid Adjustable and Opening Die Bolt Cutters. 

AND END MILLS.Complete List of STOCK CUTTERS. 784 Kinds and Sizes Mailed on Application. MACHINE TOOLS ON EXHIBITION AT 23 South Canal St., CHICAGO, ILL. S. A. SMITH, Western Representative. 
NILES TOOL WORKS, 13.AIVII311_41rOINT, OHIO. 
MACHINE TOOLS. SCREW MACHINES. For making all kinds of Set Screws, Tap Screws and Studs. W.411 do the work of three or four small lathes and turn it out in better shape. Send for spe-cial catalogue fully describing machines and illustrating sam-ples of work done. kinds equipped complete. Corre-

No. 3 SCREW MACHINE.      Machine Shops of spondence solicited. NEW YORK, 
136 &.138 LIBERTY ST. CHICAGO, PHENIX BLDG. PITTSBURGH, LEWIS BLOCK. INCREASED SALES 
Show that our customers appreciate the value of improvements made in JENKINS PACKING. It can be used again and again. Does not ROT or BURN out. Have you tried it recently ? If not, DO SO I Look for " Trade Mark." JENKINS BROS., New York Philadelphia, Boston and Chicago. Description and Prices Furnished on Application. 

BILLINGS' PATENT COMMUTATOR BARS FOR GENERATORS AND MOTORS Drop-Forged from One Piece of Unalloyed  
THE BILLINGS & SPENCER CO., 
Hartford, Corm. 
WARNER & SWASEY, THE ETIOPOLITAN AUTOMATIC MOTOR 
 Tr: mi CLEVELAND,   • lu OHIO. 

OPERATED Entirely I by One Handle. 
For IRON and  BRASS WORE. Illustrated Catalogue on application. 

z z 0 0 If) 
and Prices furnished 
OVERFLO 
The Most Successful Injector Made. ANYONE CAN OPERATE THEM. 

Every engineer can repair the injector without 4:4 sending it to the manufacturers. Carried in stock by the Largest Supply Houses in the U. S. Western Agent, CRANE CO., CHICAGO. JENKINS BROS., New York, Southern Agents. &) The Hayden & Derby Mfg. Co., • 

SOLE MANUFACTURERS, NO. 111 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK. 
 

********************************************************************************************

href